Scheduled preventive maintenance of electrical equipment. What is planned preventative maintenance? Preventative maintenance system

What is a system of planned preventive maintenance (PPR)? PPR is a complex of organizational, technical, economic work, which allows you to ensure reliable, economical operation, and allows you to bring or bring the parameters of the technical characteristics of equipment and economic indicators closer to design values ​​or to the characteristics of new equipment.

Approach to the problem. During operation, the equipment becomes dirty and wears out, which reduces the productivity and efficiency of the equipment; in addition, untimely maintenance, cleaning, and repairs of various types lead to emergency situations (Sayano-Shushenskaya HPP), and, accordingly, economic damage, human losses, consumer problems, etc.

In addition, the rational organization of work on the maintenance of equipment (expensive, complex) also requires enormous costs (if maintenance is not carried out in a timely manner, then in the future its implementation will be even more expensive and difficult). The equipment must always be in a state of operational readiness.

Thus, the need for repairs requires the implementation of a rational, economical, good organization and well-established PPR system.

Each type of equipment has some parts that are subject to the greatest wear. PPR ensures maintenance of equipment in working condition; solves the problems of rational organization of the repair process, reducing repair time; lengthening the intervals of continuous operation between various types of repairs; reducing the cost of repair work.

The equipment PPR system assumes:

— accounting of available equipment;
— planning a range of removable parts that wear out quickly;
— establishing their service life (service life of quickly wearing parts);
— determination of the frequency and content of repairs by equipment groups;
— development of technological processes for standard repair work; and development of instructions for carrying out these typical repairs;
— development of standards necessary for using the volume and cost of repair work;
— creation of stocks and spare parts of materials, storage and accounting of materials.

Equipment wears out differently depending on different production conditions (type of production, operating conditions, environmental conditions).

The following factors influence wear:

— duration of equipment operation and load mode;
— quality parameters of the primary energy used;
- environmental conditions;
— quality of materials from which the equipment is made;
— design features;
— quality of workmanship and assembly;
— existing PPR system;

Requirements for the PPR system:

— flexibility (efficiency, various rational methods, professional workers);
— functionality (eliminate duplication in maintenance);
— complexity;
— the ability to carry out work in a centralized way;
— controllability, which presupposes a clear relationship between all service functions, strict functionality of subordination and to have a chain of command.

Maintenance of equipment in working condition is ensured by:
— technical maintenance
Audit of the condition in which the equipment is located. Daily activities. External visual inspection. Cleaning, lubricating, wiping, etc. This is performed by the worker in charge of the equipment. This should also include any minor repairs. This maintenance is carried out continuously.

Types of repairs: current and major.

The personnel conducting inspection, inspection and repair of equipment must be qualified.
Current repairs are carried out between major repairs. Its purpose is to restore the serviceability of the equipment, ensuring its performance for the period until its next repair.
A major overhaul is a serious overhaul, provides large repair work, and can be complex (entirely) or unitary (separate units, but large ones). The scope of capital work includes both standard and special work. Data on typical work can be found in N.N. Sinyagin’s reference book - “System of scheduled preventive maintenance of equipment and networks of industrial energy”.

Basics of organizing the PPR system.

The rational organization of PPR is based on 2 principles:
1 – principle of prevention;
2 – principle of planning.
The organization of work is based on studying the wear of parts, and as a result of the inspection, the frequency and content of repair work is established. Depending on the degree of study or wear analysis, three forms of PPR organization are possible.
1 – after examination
2 – standard
3 – scheduled periodic.

In the post-inspection form of PPR, only the inspection period is planned in advance; this period is usually determined on the basis of indicative data (depending on the condition of the equipment) or the minimum service life of some parts. As a result, the nearest period of repairs and its volume are outlined. And it is produced subjectively (maybe a master, maybe a worker). This form is random. There is no preparation for this work. Everything happens by chance (almost).

Standard form. It is based on standards. Using standard data, the frequency, volume, duration, types of parts and assemblies are determined in accordance with wear standards, and does not depend on their condition. Preparatory work is necessary (materials, counting and planning everything). It is used in critical areas of production. This system is rarely used. It's expensive.
Planned periodic form of organization of PPR. It dominates production. Inspections and repairs are provided for here in advance. For each type of equipment according to deadlines. During this period of time, the reliability of the equipment must be guaranteed. The estimated volume is the actual volume, which is revealed during inspections. It turns out the amount of work in standard hours.

For the rational organization of the PPR system, it is necessary to take into account all equipment (entire composition, location, service life). An electronic accounting system must be established.

Organization of spare parts in warehouses.

Standards for the frequency and maintenance of repairs. A series of periodically recurring repairs form a repair cycle. The repair cycle is between two major overhauls.

K-O-O-T-T-O-O-K.

The structures of the repair cycle are characterized by the composition and sequence of alternation of various repair works.

DEVELOPING A PREVENTIVE MAINTENANCE SCHEDULE (PPR)

In order to ensure reliable operation of equipment and prevent malfunctions and wear, enterprises periodically carry out scheduled preventive maintenance of equipment (PPR). It allows you to carry out a number of works aimed at restoring equipment and replacing parts, which ensures economical and continuous operation of the equipment.

The rotation and frequency of scheduled preventive maintenance (PPR) of equipment is determined by the purpose of the equipment, its design and repair features, dimensions and operating conditions.

Equipment is stopped for scheduled maintenance while it is still in working order. This (scheduled) principle of bringing equipment out for repairs allows for the necessary preparation for stopping the equipment - both from the service center specialists and from the customer’s production personnel. Preparation for scheduled preventive maintenance of equipment consists of identifying equipment defects, selecting and ordering spare parts and parts that should be replaced during repairs.

Such preparation allows for the full scope of repair work to be carried out without disrupting the normal operation of the enterprise.

Competent implementation of PPR presupposes:

• · planning preventive maintenance of equipment;
• · preparation of equipment for scheduled maintenance;
• · carrying out scheduled preventive maintenance of equipment;
• · Carrying out activities related to scheduled preventative repairs and maintenance of equipment.

Scheduled equipment repairs include the following steps:

1. Between-repair phase of maintenance.

The between-repair stage of equipment maintenance is carried out mainly without stopping the operation of the equipment itself.

The between-repair stage of equipment maintenance consists of:

• · systematic cleaning of equipment;
• · systematic lubrication of equipment;
• systematic inspection of equipment;
• · systematic adjustment of equipment operation;
• · replacement of parts with a short service life;
• · elimination of minor faults and defects.

The maintenance period between repairs is prevention in other words. The maintenance period between repairs includes daily inspection and maintenance of equipment and must be properly organized in order to:

• · radically extend the period of operation of the equipment;
• · maintain excellent quality of work;
• · reduce and speed up costs associated with scheduled repairs.

The maintenance period between repairs consists of:

• · tracking the condition of the equipment;
• · implementation of rules of proper operation by workers;
• · daily cleaning and lubrication;
• · timely elimination of minor breakdowns and regulation of mechanisms.

The maintenance period between repairs is carried out without stopping the production process. This maintenance stage is carried out during breaks in equipment operation.

2. Current stage of scheduled maintenance.

The current stage of preventive maintenance is often carried out without opening the equipment, temporarily stopping the operation of the equipment. The current stage of scheduled preventive maintenance consists of eliminating breakdowns that appear during operation and consists of inspection, lubrication of parts, and cleaning of equipment.

The current stage of scheduled preventative maintenance precedes the capital one. At the current stage of preventive maintenance, important tests and measurements are carried out, leading to the identification of equipment defects at an early stage of their occurrence. Having assembled the equipment at the current stage of scheduled maintenance, it is adjusted and tested.

A decision on the suitability of equipment for further operation is made by repairmen, based on a comparison of test results at the current stage of scheduled maintenance with existing standards and the results of past tests. Testing of equipment that cannot be transported is carried out using electrical mobile laboratories.

In addition to scheduled preventive maintenance, work outside the plan is carried out to eliminate any defects in the operation of equipment. These works are carried out after the entire working life of the equipment has been exhausted. Also, to eliminate the consequences of accidents, emergency repairs are carried out, which require immediate shutdown of the equipment.

3. Middle stage of scheduled maintenance

The middle stage of scheduled preventive maintenance is intended for partial or complete restoration of used equipment.

The middle stage of scheduled maintenance is to disassemble equipment components to inspect, clean parts and eliminate identified defects, change parts and assemblies that wear out quickly and that do not ensure proper use of the equipment until the next major overhaul. The middle stage of scheduled maintenance is carried out no more than once a year.

The middle stage of scheduled preventative maintenance includes repairs in which normative and technical documentation establishes the cyclicity, volume and sequence of repair work, regardless of the technical condition in which the equipment is located.

The middle stage of preventive maintenance ensures that the operation of the equipment is maintained normally and there is little chance that the equipment will fail.

4. Major renovation

Overhaul of equipment is carried out by opening the equipment, checking the equipment with a meticulous inspection of the “internals”, testing, measurements, eliminating identified breakdowns, as a result of which the equipment is modernized. Major repairs ensure the restoration of the original technical characteristics of the equipment.

Major repairs of equipment are carried out only after the overhaul period. To implement it, the following steps are necessary:

• · drawing up work schedules;
• · carrying out preliminary inspection and verification;
• · preparation of documentation;
• · preparation of tools, spare parts;
• · implementation of fire prevention and safety measures.

Overhaul of equipment consists of:

• · replacement or restoration of worn parts;
• · modernization of any parts;
• · performing preventive measurements and checks;
• · Carrying out work to eliminate minor damage.

Defects that are discovered during equipment inspection are eliminated during subsequent major overhaul of the equipment. Breakdowns that are emergency in nature are eliminated immediately.

A specific type of equipment has its own frequency of scheduled preventive maintenance, which is regulated by the rules of technical operation.

Activities under the PPR system are reflected in the relevant documentation, with strict consideration of the availability of equipment, its condition and movement. The list of documents includes:

• · Technical passport for each mechanism or its duplicate.
• · Equipment registration card (appendix to the technical passport).
• · Annual cyclical equipment repair schedule.
• · Annual plan and estimate for equipment overhaul.
• · Monthly plan-report for equipment repairs.
• · Acceptance certificate for major repairs.
• · Shift log of technological equipment malfunctions.
• · Extract from the annual PPR schedule.

Based on the approved annual PPR schedule, a nomenclature plan is drawn up for major and current repairs, broken down by months and quarters. Before starting major or current repairs, it is necessary to clarify the date of equipment delivery for repairs.

The annual PPR schedule and tables of initial data are the basis for drawing up an annual budget plan, which is developed twice a year. The annual amount of the estimate plan is divided into quarters and months depending on the period of major repairs according to the PPR schedule for a given year.

Based on the report plan, the accounting department is provided with a report on the costs incurred for major repairs, and the manager is provided with a report on the implementation of the nomenclature repair plan according to the annual PPR schedule.

Currently, computer and microprocessor technology (installations, stands, devices for diagnostics and testing of electrical equipment) are increasingly used for scheduled preventive maintenance (PPR), which influence the prevention of equipment wear and reduction of equipment repair time, reduction of repair costs, as well as helps improve the operating efficiency of electrical equipment.

Preventative maintenance is the simplest and most reliable way to plan repair work.

The main conditions ensuring planned preventive relations regarding equipment repair are as follows:

The main need for electrical equipment to be repaired is satisfied by performing scheduled repairs after a specific number of hours worked, thanks to which a periodically repeating cycle is formed;

Each scheduled preventative repair of electrical installations is carried out to the extent necessary to eliminate all existing defects, as well as to ensure the natural operation of the equipment until the next scheduled repair. The period of planned repairs is determined according to the established periods;

The organization of scheduled preventive maintenance and control is based on the usual scope of work, the implementation of which ensures the operational condition of the equipment;

The normal volume of work is determined due to the established optimal periods between scheduled periodic repairs;

Between scheduled periods, electrical equipment undergoes scheduled inspections and checks, which are a means of prevention.

The frequency and alternation of scheduled equipment repairs depends on the purpose of the equipment, its design and repair features, dimensions and operating conditions. Preparation for scheduled repairs is based on identifying defects, selecting spare parts and spare parts that will need to be replaced during repairs. An algorithm for carrying out this repair is specially created, which ensures uninterrupted operation during repairs. This approach to preparation makes it possible to carry out complete repairs of equipment without disrupting the usual production operations.

Planned and preventative well-designed repairs include:

Planning;

Preparation of electrical equipment for scheduled repairs;

Carrying out scheduled repairs;

Carrying out activities related to scheduled maintenance and repairs.

The system of scheduled preventive maintenance of equipment includes a couple of stages:

1. Inter-repair phase

Performed without disturbing the operation of the equipment. Includes: systematic cleaning; systematic lubrication; systematic examination; systematic adjustment of electrical equipment; replacement of parts that have a short service life; elimination of minor faults.

In other words, this is prevention, which includes daily inspection and care, and it must be properly organized in order to maximize the service life of the equipment, maintain high-quality work, and reduce the cost of scheduled repairs.

The main work performed during the overhaul phase:

Monitoring the condition of equipment;

Enforcement of appropriate use policies by employees;

Daily cleaning and lubrication;

Timely elimination of minor breakdowns and adjustment of mechanisms.

2. Current stage

Planned preventative maintenance of electrical equipment is most often carried out without disassembling the equipment, only stopping its operation. Includes the elimination of breakdowns that occurred during operation. At the current stage, measurements and tests are carried out, with the help of which equipment defects are identified at an early stage.

The decision on the suitability of electrical equipment is made by repairmen. This ruling is based on a comparison of test findings during routine maintenance. In addition to scheduled repairs, unplanned work is performed to eliminate defects in equipment operation. They are carried out after the entire resource of the equipment has been exhausted.

3. Middle stage

Carried out for the complete or partial restoration of used equipment. Includes disassembly of components intended for viewing, cleaning mechanisms and eliminating identified defects, replacing some quickly wearing parts. The middle stage is carried out no more than once a year.

The system at the middle stage of scheduled preventive maintenance of equipment includes setting the cyclicity, volume and sequence of work in accordance with the regulatory and technical documentation. The middle stage affects the maintenance of equipment in good condition.

4. Major renovation

It is carried out by opening electrical equipment, checking it completely and inspecting all parts. Includes testing, measurements, elimination of identified faults, as a result of which electrical equipment is modernized. As a result of a major overhaul, the technical parameters of the devices are completely restored.

Major repairs are possible only after the inter-repair phase. To carry it out you must do the following:

Draw up work schedules;

Conduct preliminary inspection and verification;

Prepare documents;

Prepare tools and necessary replacement parts;

Carry out fire prevention measures.

Major repairs include:

Replacement or restoration of worn mechanisms;

Modernization of any mechanisms;

Carrying out preventative checks and measurements;

Carrying out work related to the elimination of minor damage.

Malfunctions discovered during equipment testing are eliminated during subsequent repairs. And breakdowns of an emergency nature are eliminated immediately.

Each individual type of equipment has its own frequency of scheduled preventive maintenance, which is regulated by the Technical Operation Rules. All activities are reflected in the documentation, strict records are kept of the availability of equipment, as well as its condition. According to the approved annual plan, a nomenclature plan is created, which reflects the implementation of major and current repairs. Before starting current or major repairs, it is necessary to clarify the date of installation of electrical equipment for repairs.

Yearly schedule of preventative maintenance- this is the basis that serves to draw up a plan and estimate for the year, developed 2 times a year. The annual budget amount is divided into months and quarters, it all depends on the period of major repairs.

Today, for the system of scheduled preventive maintenance of equipment, computer and microprocessor technology (structures, stands, installations for diagnostics and testing) are most often used, which affects the prevention of equipment wear, reduction of repair costs, and also helps to increase operating efficiency.

PPR work project— this is organizational and technological documentation containing the technology and organization of preparatory and main types of construction and installation work at the construction site, quality control and acceptance requirements, final work, labor protection and safety measures in accordance with current regulatory and technical documents, as well as the standards of the Customer’s organization. Does not apply to either working or design documentation object, which are only the basis for the development of PPR. Prepared before the start of all construction and installation work.

PPR (abbreviation decoding - work plan) is one of the executive documents required for the construction, reconstruction and overhaul of a facility. Its main purpose is to select a technology for construction, installation and/or repair work that allows for the most efficient use of material, logistics and labor resources while ensuring overall safety. Without this document, it is impossible to properly organize and start the work process. With its help you can:

• reduce costs for materials and equipment;
• ensure the safety of work;
• reduce risks;
• ensure compliance with the deadlines for the construction or repair of the facility.

In 2019, when drawing up the PPR, it is necessary to take into account only the changes made to the scientific and technical documentation (Urban Planning Code, governing documents of the RD, codes of rules of joint ventures, building codes and regulations of SNiP, state standards GOST, etc.). The requirements remain the same as in 2018, 2017 and previous years. Of course, it would be wrong to use ready-made standard documents distributed on the Internet, since in 2018 - 2019 many changes were made to the technical documentation and old ones were replaced. Every year a lot of documents are updated and it becomes difficult to undertake the development of a project for the production of work on our own.

The explanatory note is the main part and consists of the most important sections. It includes all the organizational sequence of work performed and provides links to technological maps by type of work performed. Engineering support for construction, taking into account the duration, composition of the working personnel, number of machines and mechanisms, is given in the preparatory period.

In the annex to the PPR, work schedules are inserted that determine the technical and economic indicators of construction. The calendar schedule is drawn up in accordance with the contract for the performance of work on the facility without deviations, regardless of the duration specified in the construction organization project. Delivery schedules and requirements are divided by weeks, months or quarters depending on the construction period.

Who develops the project for the production of PPR works?

The development of projects for the production of PPR works is carried out by a general contracting organization, or upon request by a specialized organization. The development organization must have on its staff specialists with experience working on construction sites who know the technology of construction production. When using lifting structures, it is necessary to have industrial safety certification protocols for specialists. To develop technical solutions adopted in the PPR, the Customer often requires the developer to become a member of the SRO.

The General Contractor may stipulate in the contract with the Subcontractor the obligation to develop for him. In this case, based on the volumes performed by the Subcontractor, a decision is made to develop a work plan and/or separate technological maps for an already existing project for carrying out work on the site.

Who approves the PPR work project

The PPR is approved by the technical manager of the contracting organization (chief engineer, technical director, deputy director for construction, etc.) performing this work. Thus, accepting all prescribed measures for execution.
The work project is submitted for approval in a completely finished form with all attachments and signatures. After signing, the organization’s seal is affixed and the project is submitted for approval to interested parties involved in construction (Departments of the Customer, Construction Control of the Customer, owners of utility networks, etc.).

Who approves the project for carrying out PPR work?

The approval of the PPR is carried out by the Contractor in the following sequence:

• Customer services: department of capital construction of OKS, HSE, fire department, energy service, department of chief mechanic and other representatives depending on the structure of the company;
• OATI (for Moscow), GATI (for St. Petersburg) and similar organizations, taking into account the regulations of the Government of the Russian Federation in the territory of work;
• Owners of buildings and structures located near the designed facility;
• Organizations that own the crossed underground and above-ground communications (water supply, communication cables, gas pipeline, heating, etc.) at their intersection;
• Owners of the machines and mechanisms used;
• In some cases, also by representatives of Rostechnadzor.

To approve the work project, it includes a separate sheet with the following columns: position, full name, signature and comments. Based on the signatures on the title page, the signature of the technical managers of the approving persons is affixed.

Who signs the work project

The signing of the PPR is carried out by specialists who have developed individual sections. The signatures of the developer, inspector and technical manager are placed on the table of contents in a frame. Technological maps are signed by the compilers: QC for welding by the chief welder or welding engineer, QC for quality control and incoming control of materials - by a construction control engineer, etc.

How to compose

You can draw up a PPR on your own by sifting through a bunch of regulatory documentation. But this takes a lot of time and effort from specialists. Its design can be entrusted to developers - specialized companies.
In order to begin compiling it, you must first study the MDS and then the composition of the future PPR will be clear. After you have studied it, you need to start studying the entire technical documentation for the work being performed, for example, a joint venture for concrete work, a joint venture for the installation of building structures, and take only the necessary information and include it in the document. It is possible to take standard projects as a basis, but now it is very difficult to find current ones that contain new labor protection requirements and construction technologies. Everything standard has long been outdated.

Alteration

During the production process of construction and installation works, in most cases there is a need to make changes to the already developed design and construction work. This can be facilitated by: underground communications not indicated in the construction plan were discovered; the equipment that was supposed to be used is difficult to find and there are similar ones, but the technology needs to be changed (for example, a concrete pump cannot deliver to a certain height, it is necessary to supply concrete using a bucket to the floors); changes in the working draft, etc. Only the developer can make changes and in agreement with the persons who signed it. Those. After this, you must go through the approval procedure again.

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Effective date: "__" ___________ 2016*

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* The text of the document corresponds to the original. -
Database manufacturer's note.

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“Recommendations on the procedure and rules for the development, coordination and approval of projects for the production of work using lifting structures” (hereinafter referred to as the Recommendations), developed by a specialist from Stronex LLC (Savalov A.E.) and Inzhstroyproekt LLC (I.E. Videnin) at based on the terms of reference approved by the General Director of the Chelyabinsk Interregional Union of Builders on May 10, 2016.

1 area of ​​use

Adopting a unified approach of construction organizations to the composition and content of work projects using lifting structures developed during the construction, reconstruction, and major repairs of capital construction projects, both for the entire facility as a whole and for a separate stage (type) of work;

Providing in work production projects a description of the technological sequence of work, ensuring a certain level of quality of work, with the use of modern mechanization tools for the production of work.

2. Normative references

- "Rules on labor protection during loading and unloading operations and placement of cargo"; Order of the Ministry of Labor and Social Protection of the Russian Federation N 642n dated September 17, 2013;*
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* The text of the document corresponds to the original. Repeat, see above. - Database manufacturer's note.

Operational quality control schemes.

Note - When using these recommendations, it is advisable to check the validity of the reference normative documents in the public information system - on the official websites of Rostekhregulirovanie, the Ministry of Construction of the Russian Federation, Rostekhnadzor, NOSTROYA, SSK UrSib, on the Internet or according to the annually published information index "National Standards", which is published on as of January 1 of the current year, or according to the corresponding monthly information indexes published in the current year. If the reference normative document is replaced (amended), then when using this standard you should be guided by the replaced (amended) normative document. If the reference normative document is canceled without replacement, then the provision in which a reference to it is given is applied in the part that does not affect this reference.

3. Terms, definitions and abbreviations

Capital construction project- building, structure, structure, objects whose construction is not completed, with the exception of temporary buildings, kiosks, sheds and other similar structures Developer- an individual or legal entity that provides construction, reconstruction, and major repairs of capital construction projects on the land plot that belongs to him, as well as performing engineering surveys and preparing design documentation for their construction, reconstruction, and major repairs

Technical customer- an individual acting on a professional basis, or a legal entity who is authorized by the developer and, on behalf of the developer, enters into agreements on the performance of engineering surveys, on the preparation of design documentation, on the construction, reconstruction, major repairs of capital construction projects, and prepare assignments for the implementation of these types of work , provide persons performing engineering surveys and (or) preparing design documentation, construction, reconstruction, major repairs of capital construction projects with materials and documents necessary to perform these types of work, approve design documentation, sign the documents necessary to obtain permission to enter capital construction facility into operation, carry out other functions provided for by this Code. The developer has the right to perform the functions of a technical customer independently.

Person carrying out construction- the developer or an individual entrepreneur or legal entity engaged by the developer or technical customer on the basis of a contract, who organizes and coordinates the construction, reconstruction, major repairs of a capital construction project, ensures compliance with the requirements of design documentation, technical regulations, safety regulations in the process of performing these works and bears responsibility for the quality of the work performed and its compliance with the requirements of the design documentation.

Work execution project (hereinafter referred to as WPR)- a document related to organizational and technological documentation, which contains decisions on the organization of construction production, technology, quality control and safety of work performed.

Zone of possible cargo movement- the boundary of the service area of ​​a load-lifting crane, determined by the maximum reach in the parking lot (the area between the extreme parking lots) of the crane.

Service area (working area) with a crane- area for moving goods from storage areas to places where elements are installed and secured.

Dangerous area- a zone arising from loads moved by a crane.

GOST - interstate standard;

GOST R - national standard of the Russian Federation;

RD - guidance document;

FZ - federal law;

SNiP - building codes and regulations;

SP - set of rules;

MDS - methodological documentation in construction;

VSN - departmental building codes;

STO - organization standard;

POS - construction organization project;

Engineering and technical workers;

MSK SRF - local coordinate system of the constituent entity of the Russian Federation;

PS - lifting structures;

PPE - personal protective equipment.

4. Requirements for specialists involved in the development of PPR

4.1 The PPR is developed by the construction organization in accordance with clause 4.6 of SP 48.13330 "Construction Organization" by specialists trained and certified in the field of industrial safety, in accordance with clause 1.3, RD-11-06.

4.2 Certification of specialists

Primary certification specialists are carried out:

Upon appointment to a position;

When transferring to another job, if the performance of job duties at this job requires certification.

Periodic certification specialists is carried out at least once every five years, unless other periods are provided for by other regulations.

Extraordinary inspection knowledge of regulatory legal acts and regulatory and technical documents establishing safety requirements on issues within the competence of a specialist is carried out after the entry into force of new regulatory legal acts and regulatory and technical documents.

The results of knowledge tests on safety issues must be documented in a protocol with the subsequent issuance of an attestation certificate. The results of the extraordinary certification are documented in a protocol.

4.3 The procedure for passing certification of specialists should take place in the following sequence:

a) Determining the place of training of a specialist. The preparation (training) of specialists must be carried out in organizations that have a license for this type of activity;

b) Selection of specialist certification areas in accordance with the type of work performed by the construction organization.

As an example, below are the areas of certification of specialists developing PPR for construction, reconstruction, and major repairs of capital construction projects:

Certification area A.1 "General industrial safety requirements" - Mandatory scope of certification, for all types of activities;

Certification area B.9.31 "Industrial safety requirements when using lifting structures" - Recommended certification area, which is necessary when developing PPR with the use of lifting structures intended for lifting and moving loads;

Certification area B.9.32 "Industrial safety requirements for lifting structures" - Recommended certification area, which is necessary when developing PPR using lifting structures intended for lifting and transporting people.

Note- When developing PPR during construction at chemical, oil, gas, mining or metallurgical facilities, specialists developing PPR must be certified according to special industrial safety requirements.

c) Submitting documents for certification to the Rostechnadzor department.

d) Certification of specialists and receipt of documents in accordance with clause 4.2 of these Recommendations.

5. The procedure for development, coordination and approval of the PPR

5.3 The composition of the initial data for the development of the PPR must comply with clause 5.7.6. SP 48.13330

5.4 The developed PPR is approved by the person carrying out the construction in accordance with clause 5.7.3 of SP 48.13330 and agreed upon by the developer (technical customer) or their authorized representatives.

6. Volume and content of PPR

The PPR should include text and graphic parts. The volume and content of the PPR is considered using the example of the construction of a conditional facility.

Example of a title page

Name of company carrying out construction

Agreed:

I affirm:

Developer (Technical customer)

Representative of the person carrying out the construction

PROJECT OF WORK PRODUCTION N PPR Name of works AN OBJECT: "Object name".

Developed by:

Engineer LLC "Organization carrying out construction"

Ud. N 00000001 dated 01/01/20 Ud. N 00000002 dated 01/01/20

City, year

Scheme of placement of geodetic signs (Scheme of geodetic alignment base);

Transport scheme;

Construction master plan;

Technological maps for performing types of work;

Slinging diagrams;

Warehousing schemes;

Clarifying drawings (equipment, protective fences, etc.);

Drawings related to work safety;

Schedule plan for the production of work on the site with a schedule for the arrival of building structures, products, materials and equipment at the site, a schedule for the movement of workers around the site, a schedule for the movement of the main construction vehicles around the site.

6.1.1 Layout of geodetic signs (Scheme of geodetic alignment base)

1. The layout of geodetic signs (Scheme of the geodetic alignment base) must be transferred by the customer (technical customer) to the person carrying out the construction at least 10 days before the start of construction, together with the act of transfer of the geodetic alignment base.

2. A geodetic alignment basis for construction is created with reference to the points of state geodetic networks available in the construction area or to points of networks that have coordinates and marks in the coordinate systems of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, on the scale of the general plan of the construction site.

3. The geodetic alignment diagram should include:

Construction site alignment signs;

Axial signs of the building's external alignment network (at least 4 per building)

Temporary axial signs;

Catalog of coordinates of all points of the geodetic alignment base in the MSK-SRF system

Axes of the building (structure);

Layout of the building on the ground.

An example of the layout of geodetic signs is presented in Appendix A

6.1.2 Transport scheme

1. A transport scheme must be developed for any construction and agreed with the traffic police if the existing transport infrastructure falls within the boundaries of the construction site area or within the right-of-way of linear structures.

To review and approve the transport scheme from the inspector, it is necessary to prepare a letter in the form of Appendix B.

2. The transport diagram must show:

Construction site area;

Construction site and on-site warehouses;

Construction town;

On-site temporary roads;

Access roads to the construction site;

Direction of traffic to the construction site;

Direction of traffic movement through the construction site;

Pedestrian movement direction;

Temporary traffic signs.

3. The transport scheme is signed:

Managers of the organization carrying out construction.

The producer of the work;

Developer of the transport scheme (engineer for the development of project planning);

Traffic police inspector.

An example of a transport scheme is given in Appendix B.

6.1.3 Construction master plan

Stroygenplan includes:

Designed and existing buildings and structures;

Boundaries of the construction site and the type of its fencing;

Permanent and temporary roads;

Parking areas for vehicles under unloading;

Direction of movement of vehicles and mechanisms;

Sanitary services premises (construction camp);

Smoking areas;

Locations of devices for removing construction waste and household waste;

Wheel washing stations;

PS installation locations;

Storage areas for construction materials;

Sites for the enlarged assembly of structures (if any);

Boundaries of zones formed during the operation of the substation;

Ways and means of lifting (lowering) workers to the place of work;

Placement of energy supply and lighting sources;

Operating underground, above-ground and air communications;

Location of grounding loops.

6.1.3.1 Designed and existing buildings and structures

It is advisable to begin the development of a construction plan by drawing the designed, as well as existing buildings and structures, within the boundaries of the improvement (red lines), see Fig. 1.

Fig.1. Designed and existing buildings within the boundaries of the improvement

Fig.1. Designed and existing buildings within the boundaries of the improvement

6.1.3.2 Construction site boundaries

1. The fencing of the construction site should be installed along the border of the improvement of the territory.

2. Select the type of fencing for the construction site in accordance with clause 2.2 of GOST 23407 “Inventory fencing for construction sites and areas for construction and installation work. Technical conditions.”

Types of safety and security fences for construction sites are given in Appendix D.

3. In places where the danger zone during substation operation extends beyond the construction site, the protective fencing must be made with a canopy.

4. In places where pedestrians pass, sidewalks with a protective canopy must be made, see Fig. 2. Requirements for the design of the pedestrian sidewalk and protective canopy are given in clauses 2.2.5 -2.2.13, GOST 23407.

Fig.2. Diagram of the protective visor

Diagram of the protective visor

	1 - fence post; 2 - fencing panel; 3 - support (bed), step 1.0 m (board t = 50 mm) 4 - sidewalk panel (board t=50 mm); 5 - horizontal element of the railing (board t - 25 mm); 6 - railing post (beam 100x100 mm), pitch 1.5 m; 7 - canopy rafter (board t = 50x100 mm), pitch 1.5 m; 8 - visor panel (profiled sheet); 9 - canopy strut (board t = 50x100 mm), pitch 1.5 m; 10 - panel strut (board t = 50x100 mm), pitch 1.5 m; 11 - protective screen (when laying a pedestrian sidewalk along highways)
Fig.2. Diagram of the protective visor

The symbols indicated on the construction master plans are given in Appendix D.

5. It is advisable to enter the construction site from existing public roads.

At the entrance to the construction site the following must be installed:

Checkpoint;

On the street side there is an information board, a transport diagram and road signs in accordance with GOST R 52290-2004 - N 3.2 “No traffic” and N 3.24 “speed limit 5 km/h”; entry sign.

The information board indicates the name of the object, the name of the developer (Customer), the general contractor (technical customer), the names, positions and telephone numbers of the responsible producer of work on the object, the start and end dates of the work, the site diagram (clause 6.2.8 SP 48.13330.2011 "Construction organization"), see Fig. 3.

Fig.3. Example of a construction site information board

Fig.3. Example of a construction site information board

The construction area with an area of ​​5 hectares or more must be equipped with at least 2 exits arranged on opposite sides, in accordance with clause 8.24 RD-11-06.

It is advisable to leave the construction site on existing public roads. At the exit from the territory (if possible), install a checkpoint and post the necessary road signs in accordance with GOST R 52290:

Sign No. 2.4 “Give way” (sign No. 2.5 “Driving without stopping is prohibited”);

Sign N 4.1.1 “Move straight”, sign N 4.1.2 “Move right”, sign N 4.1.3 “Move left”, sign N 4.1.4 “Move straight or right”, sign N 4.1.5 “Move straight or left", sign N 4.1.6 "Movement to the right or left" - (depending on the situation);

Exit sign.

Fig.4. Construction site fencing diagram

Fig.4. Construction site fencing diagram

6.1.3.3 On-site temporary roads

1. Internal construction roads must provide access to the operating area of ​​assembly cranes, to large assembly sites, warehouses, and mobile (inventory) buildings

The following dimensions must be indicated on the construction plan:

Road width;

Turning radii.

2. It is advisable to take the width of on-site roads in accordance with clause 8.17 of RD 11-06-2007:

For single-lane traffic - 3.5 m;

With two-lane traffic - 6.0 m.

When using vehicles with a carrying capacity of 25 tons or more, the width of the roadway must be increased to 8.0 m.

In curved areas, the width of a single-lane road should be increased by 5.0 m.

Note:

When designing roads for the installation of jib self-propelled cranes, the width of temporary roads should be 0.5 m greater than the width of the crawler or wheel drive of the crane used in accordance with clause 8.18, RD 11-06, see Fig. 5.

Fig.5. Temporary road for a jib self-propelled crane

Fig.5. Temporary road for a jib self-propelled crane

3. When routing roads, the following minimum distances must be observed:

From the edge of the roadway and the storage area - 0.5-1.0 m;

From the edge of the roadway and the fencing of the tower crane and construction site - 1.5 m;

From the edge of the roadway and the edge of the trench - in accordance with the distances specified in Table 1 SP 49.13330 + 0.5 m.

4. The thickness and design of the road surface of temporary on-site roads must be determined in the PIC.

It is recommended to take the thickness of the pavement for temporary on-site roads depending on the type of pavement material. The types of temporary road surfaces are listed below:

Crushed stone (gravel) - 400 mm;

From monolithic concrete with a thickness of 170-250 mm over sand preparation with a thickness of 250 mm;

From prefabricated reinforced concrete slabs 170-200 mm thick over sand (crushed stone) preparation 100 mm thick.

4. Type of on-site roads:

With roundabout traffic, Fig. 6a. Road curvature radii depend on the vehicles delivering goods and are taken from 9.0 to 18.0 m;

Fig.6a. Stroygenplan with an in-site ring road

Fig.6a. Stroygenplan with an in-site ring road

Dead-end, with turning areas, see Fig. 6b;

Fig.6b. Stroygenplan with dead-end roads

Fig.6b. Stroygenplan with dead-end roads

Through, with a separate exit from the construction site to public roads, see Fig. 6c.

Fig.6c. Stroygenplan with a second exit

6.1.3.4 Parking areas for vehicles for unloading (loading) materials

1. The dimensions of vehicle parking areas for unloading (loading) must be taken based on the following dimensions:

Parking width - 3.0 m;

The length of the parking lots is at least 15.0 m.

2. Parking areas for vehicles for unloading/loading should be arranged along the main temporary roads in the working area of ​​the cranes, see Fig. 7.

Fig.7. Stroygenplan with marked parking areas for unloading/loading

Fig.7. Stroygenplan with marked parking areas for unloading/loading

3. After determining the layout of on-site roads and vehicle parking, show the direction of traffic movement along the construction site, see Fig. 8.

Fig.8. Diagram of the direction of traffic on the construction site

Fig.8. Diagram of the direction of traffic on the construction site

6.1.3.5 Sanitary service premises (construction camp)

1. Facilities for sanitary services for workers (construction camp), as well as security posts at the entrance and exit from the construction site must be located on the territory of the construction site in compliance with the following conditions:

The site for placing sanitary facilities should be located in a non-flooded area, on a prepared foundation and equipped with drainage drains.

It is recommended to use a crushed stone base 250 mm thick as the base, see Fig. 9a or a base made of reinforced concrete slabs 170 mm thick on a sand base 100 mm thick, see Fig. 9b

Fig.9a. Crushed stone base 250 mm thick

Fig.9b. Base made of reinforced concrete slabs

Fig.9b. Base made of reinforced concrete slabs

It is advisable to place sanitary facilities in special prefabricated or mobile buildings outside* hazardous areas. It is possible to use separate premises in existing buildings and structures for construction needs. When using existing buildings and structures, the requirements of clause 6.6.3 of SP 48.13330 must be observed;
___________________
* The text of the document corresponds to the original. - Database manufacturer's note.

Sanitary premises must be removed from the site of unloading devices at a distance of at least 50 m in accordance with clause 12.7 of SanPiN 2.2.3.1384-03. At a distance of no more than 150 m from the work site, rooms for heating workers and toilets must be installed, the calculation of which must be carried out in the PIC.

If it is necessary to use territories not included in the construction site for the placement of temporary buildings and structures, follow clause 6.6.2 of SP 48.13330.

2. It is advisable to equip the construction site with smoking areas at a distance of at least 10 m from sanitary facilities. Smoking areas must be equipped with primary fire extinguishing means in accordance with the "Fire Regulations in the Russian Federation". Mark the smoking areas on the construction plan with a cross.

Symbols are given in Appendix D.

Fig. 10. Placement of sanitary facilities

6.1.3.6. Places for disposal of construction waste and household waste

The construction site must be equipped with containers for disposal of construction waste and household waste, see Fig. 11. It is advisable to place containers for household waste at the entrance and exit of the construction site. It is advisable to place containers for construction waste in close proximity to the construction site.

Containers for construction waste must be metal, containers for household waste must be plastic or metal.

Fig. 11. Equipping a construction site with containers for construction and household waste

Fig. 11. Equipping a construction site with containers for construction and household waste

6.1.3.7 Cleaning (washing) point

Composition of the wheel cleaning (washing) point:

Base slabs with water drainage into a drainage well;

Washing complex;

Installation for cleaning wheels with compressed air (in winter).

Fig. 12. Types of wheel washing stations

Fig. 12. Types of wheel washing stations. A) in the form of platforms; B) in the form of overpasses

1 - washing complex; 2 - drainage well; 3 - pipe d200-300 mm; 4 - channel N 30 (half pipe d300); 5 - road slabs PAG-XIV

Options for placing a set of equipment for a wheel washing station, Fig. 13.

Fig. 13. Options for placing a set of equipment for a wheel washing station

Fig. 13. a, b, c) - for single-lane traffic, d, e) - for double-lane traffic and combining entry and exit

A cleaning (washing) point for wheels of trucks and construction vehicles should be installed at the exit from the construction site, see Fig. 14.

Fig. 14. Layout of a wheel washing station on a construction site

Fig. 14. Layout of a wheel washing station on a construction site

6.1.3.8 PS installation locations

1. It is advisable to begin installing the PS on the construction plan by determining the location of the PS installation, see Fig. 15.

Regardless of the type, the substation must be installed on a planned and prepared site in close proximity to the construction site subject to the following conditions:

Compliance of the installed lifting structures (hereinafter referred to as the PS) with the conditions of construction and installation work in terms of load capacity, lifting height and reach (the load characteristics of the PS);

Ensuring a safe distance from networks and overhead power lines (see Table 2 SP 49.13330), places of movement of urban transport and pedestrians, as well as safe distances for approaching the substation to buildings and storage areas for building parts and materials (see paragraphs 101 - 137 of the Rules safety of hazardous production facilities where lifting structures are used);

Compliance with the installation and operation conditions of the substation near the slopes of pits should be carried out in accordance with Table N 1 SP 49.13330;

Compliance with the conditions for the safe operation of several substations and other equipment (mechanisms) simultaneously located on the construction site (if any);

Compliance with the conditions of installation sites for lifting structures in places where underground communications pass.

Fig. 15. Tower crane installation location

The minimum distance from the boom of a crane or lift (tower) during operation to live power line wires

Table 1

Overhead line voltage, kW	Minimum distance, m
From 1 to 20
From 35 to 100
From 150 to 220
From 500 to 750
From 750 to 1150
800 (DC)

Compliance with the installation and operation conditions of the substation near the pit slopes according to Table No. 2.

table 2

Horizontal distance from the base of the excavation slope to the nearest machine support, m

Pit depth, m
	Sand and gravel	sandy loam	loamy	Loess	clayey

Fig. 16. Scheme of installing a crane near the pit slope

An example of selecting a load-lifting crane

The selection of lifting cranes is made according to three main parameters:

- required load capacity.

When choosing a lifting crane for construction and installation work, it is necessary to ensure that the weight of the load being lifted, taking into account lifting devices and containers, does not exceed the permissible (certified) lifting capacity of the crane. To do this, it is necessary to take into account the maximum weight of the mounted products and the need to deliver them by a crane for installation to the most distant design position, taking into account the permissible lifting capacity of the crane at a given boom radius;

Required crane lifting capacity, tons;

Mass of the lifted load, tons (hopper with concrete mixture - 2.7 tons);

Weight of lifting device, tons (sling 0.05 tons);

Weight of mounted mounting devices, tons (there are none);

Weight of structures to reinforce the rigidity of the lifted load, tons. (there are none)

2.7t+0.05t=2.75t

- required lift height;

The crane operator must be provided with an overview of the entire working area. The work area of ​​the load-lifting crane must cover the height, width and length of the building under construction, as well as the storage area for assembled elements and the road along which cargo is transported.

The required lifting height is determined from the vertical elevation of the crane and consists of the following indicators: the height of the building (structure) from the zero elevation of the building, taking into account the installation elevation of the crane to the top elevation of the building, a headroom equal to 2.3 m from the conditions for safe work on the top level of the building where people may be located, the maximum height of the load being moved (in the position in which it is moved) taking into account the mounting devices or reinforcement structures attached to the load, the length (height) of the load-handling device in the working position.

Height of the top level of the building, m (65.0 m - according to the project)

Difference between the crane parking elevations and the zero elevation of the building, m (the crane is installed at the level of the bottom of the building’s foundation slab - -9.8 m);

Maximum height of transported cargo, m (3.0 m - length of the bunker with concrete mixture);

Length of the load-handling device (3.5 m - length of the load-handling device).

=(65.0 m+9.8+3.0 m+3.5 m+2.3 m)=83.6 m

- required boom radius

The required working reach is determined by the horizontal distance from the axis of rotation of the rotating part of the crane to the vertical axis of the load-handling member (determined graphically), see Fig. 17.

The approach of an attached crane to a building (structure) is determined by the minimum reach, which ensures the installation of the structural elements of buildings closest to the crane tower, taking into account the dimensions of the crane foundation and the conditions for attaching the crane to the building.

Fig. 17. Required boom reach

Fig. 17. Required boom reach

Based on the obtained values, we select a Liebherr 132ES-H8 crane, lifting capacity 8.0 tons, Lstr = 50.0 m. Maximum lifting height - 85.7 m

Table of lifting capacity of tower crane Liebherr 132EC-H8, lifting capacity 8.0 tons, Lstr =50.0 m

Boom Reach
lifting capacity

Boom Reach
lifting capacity

Liebherr 132EC-H8 tower crane lifting capacity table, lifting capacity 8.0t, Lstr =50.0 m (continued)

Boom Reach
lifting capacity

Technical specifications	Required values	Crane characteristics
Load capacity, tons
Hook reach, m
Hook lifting height, m

6.1.3.9 Warehouses for building materials and sites for pre-assembly of structures

1. Warehouses for building materials

Based on their design and method of storing materials and products, warehouses are divided into the following types:

Open (storage areas) - for storing materials and products that are not subject to deterioration under the influence of atmospheric and temperature precipitation and sunlight (prefabricated reinforced concrete structures, metal products, bricks, etc.);

Semi-closed (sheds) - for storing materials that are subject to deterioration from direct exposure to precipitation and sunlight (rolled roofing materials, carpentry, etc.);

Closed (containers, booths) - for storing valuable materials, as well as cement, lime, dyes, glass, hardware, etc.).

Open warehouses on a construction site should be located in the area where cargo can be moved by a crane servicing the site, see Fig. 18.

The zone of possible movement of cargo is a space whose boundary is a circle described by a crane hook with a radius equal to the maximum reach of the crane boom.

Fig. 18. Warehouse layout

Fig. 18. Warehouse layout

Open and semi-closed storage areas must be level, planned with a slope of no more than 5° to drain surface water, cleared of debris and foreign objects.

Placement of materials and structures in open warehouses should be done so that the largest loads are located closest to the lifting mechanism.

Materials, products and structures when stored in warehouses and workplaces must be laid out in accordance with clause 7 of POT R O 14000-007-98 or in accordance with GOST and STO of the manufacturer of materials, products and structures

An example of storing sandwich panels according to the manufacturer's specifications

Packages of wall sandwich panels should be stored stacked in one or several tiers, the total height of which should be no more than 2.4 m, see Fig. 19. Lay the bottom package of panels on wooden pads with a thickness of at least 10 cm, and located in increments of no more than 1 meter, ensuring a slope of 1° of the panel packages when storing, for gravity flow of condensate. When storing panels packed in boxes, the height of the tiers is not limited

Note:

Provide passages 1 m wide between the stacks. Arrange passages at least every 2 stacks in the longitudinal direction and at least every 25 m in the transverse direction.

Fig. 19. Sandwich panels storage scheme

Prohibited:

Storage of materials and structures outside storage areas.

Leaning (leaning) materials and products against fences, trees and elements of temporary and permanent structures is prohibited.

2. Enlarged assembly areas

Enlarged assembly sites are carried out if, due to large dimensions or weight, the structure as a whole cannot be delivered to the construction site. As a rule, large-span trusses, crane beams of industrial buildings and high columns are subject to enlarged assembly.

It is also possible to assemble structures into blocks (covering structures), as well as to assemble flat reinforcing meshes into spatial frames.
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