Ferrari

Clearing railway tracks of snow. Snow fighting on railways Train clears the tracks of snow

Labor protection requirements when clearing railway tracks and switches of snow (from the Labor Safety Instructions for track fitters of JSC Russian Railways IOT RZD-4100612-TsTsRP-035-2012. dated December 29, 2012. 2769 rub.(as amended No. 1021 dated April 29, 2013).

Work to clear snow from centralized turnouts should be carried out only during breaks between the movement of trains and shunting units. Work on turnouts located on hump and marshalling tracks should be carried out only during breaks in shunting work and disbanding of trains or with the track closed and with mandatory compliance with the requirements of paragraph 3.1.1 of these Instructions.

Work on clearing and removing snow from hump and sub-hill tracks must be carried out during periods when these tracks are closed.

3.8.2. Work on clearing snow from turnouts must be carried out

a group consisting of no less than two and no more than six people,

one of whom is a track fitter with qualifications of at least 3rd category, trained and holding a signalman’s certificate.

The trackman must monitor the movement of trains and not participate in the work.

Track fitters working for the first winter are not allowed to independently clean centralized turnouts. They must be trained in the specifics of working in winter conditions, work only as part of a team, and must be assigned by order to experienced team workers. The track fitter and the brigade worker to whom he is assigned must be familiarized with the above-mentioned order against signature.

Before starting to clear snow on centralized turnouts, a track fitter of at least 3rd category, who is the senior person in the group, must fence off the work area:

during the day - a red signal;

at night and during the daytime in fog, snowstorms and other unfavorable conditions that impair visibility - use a hand-held flashlight with red lights.

Before the start of snow clearing work, a wooden insert must be installed on the centralized switch against the electric drive rods between the retracted point and the frame rail, and on crosses with a movable core - between the core and the guard rail.

When working as one person, the track fitter must: monitor notifications about the receipt, departure, and passage of trains and possible shunting movements;

position yourself facing the expected train in the correct direction of travel, without weakening your attention to the movement of trains in the opposite direction.

Clearing snow from turnouts with compressed air must be carried out by two track fitters of at least 3rd category, one of whom directly cleans the turnout from snow, and the other (an observer, who is also a signalman) must be located at the point where the air hose is connected to the shut-off valve of the air supply network. He must monitor announcements over the public address system about the approach of trains, the dissolution of cars, the movement of locomotives or shunting trains through the work area and be ready at any time to stop the supply of compressed air and give a command to the track lineman working with the hose to stop work and leave from the turnout switch.

When blowing off a switch, track installers must use safety glasses and gloves to protect their eyes and skin on their hands.

The air hose should be transported assembled into rings to the work site and storage areas.

When cleaning (blowing) turnouts with compressed air, the following requirements must be observed:

if it is necessary to cross a railway track, the hose from the air supply network should be laid under the rails in sleeper boxes cleared of snow and ballast;

do not use a hose that does not have a standard connection head or a shut-off valve on a metal tip, as well as a hose that allows air to pass through or has an unreliably fastened connection head;

when connecting the hose to the shut-off valve of the air supply network, the shut-off valve at the tip of the hose must be closed;

after connecting the hose to the air supply network, check the reliability of the connection between the connecting heads of the hose and the shut-off valve of the air supply network, then open the tap at the tip of the hose, and then gradually open the shut-off valve of the air supply network;

the air stream should be directed at an angle that eliminates the possibility of snow getting into the face;

when moving from one turnout to another, close the shut-off valve of the air network and release the compressed air from the hose;

After cleaning the turnout, the shut-off valve of the air supply network must be closed, the compressed air must be completely released from the hose, then disconnect the connecting heads of the hose and the shut-off valve of the air supply network and close the valve on the metal tip of the hose.

It is forbidden to open the air supply shut-off valve unless the hose is completely straightened and the tip is in the hands of the operator.

It is prohibited to carry out

any work on the switch other than manual cleaning using non-metallic tools and hose cleaning

Clearing the track of snow and manually removing it at stages and stations must be carried out in compliance with the following requirements.

When clearing the track with trenches or cutting snow slopes after the operation of a snowplow, niches should be made in the slopes in a checkerboard pattern at a distance of 20 to 25 m from one another to shelter workers when passing trains.

The dimensions of the niche must be determined in each individual case, taking into account the number of workers hiding in it and their location no closer than 2 m from the outer rail, but its depth must be at least 0.75 m and its width at least 2 m.

When clearing the path of snow in the excavations, organize the work in such a way as to prevent snow avalanches.

When cleaning station tracks and switches, it is necessary to pile snow in shafts in which gaps must be made (1 m wide at least every 9 m), or in piles with the same gaps for ease of work and passage of workers.

Loading and unloading of snow onto the snow train platforms must be done after the train has completely stopped. Loading and unloading snow while the train is moving is prohibited.

When a snow train moves in the snow loading or unloading area, track fitters on the platforms must sit down and hold on to the sides of the platforms.

When removing snow by train, track workers must be located in a passenger or freight boxcar equipped for transporting workers.

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2.8.1. When preparing for winter, station areas and stages must be prepared for the work of snowplows and snow removal machines: the materials of the upper structure are removed and placed in certain places, which, if necessary, must be fenced, tall grass and weeds must be mowed, signs with the number installed on the turnouts switch or the number of the switch is marked on the drive, and track boxes, bootlegs and other devices should be marked with appropriate signs. It is necessary to carry out test runs of snowplows in working condition, during which it is necessary to identify dangerous places, especially passenger platforms, crowded places and other obstacles, where, in order to prevent injuries to passengers, it is prohibited to open the wings and it is necessary to limit the speed of movement of the snowplow in working condition. Based on test trips, the operating time of the snowplow on the stretch should be determined in order to establish it in the train schedule.

2.8.2. For each station equipped with electrical centralization of turnouts, local instructions on labor protection when cleaning turnouts must be developed and approved in accordance with the established procedure, which must include:

The procedure for notifying track fitters performing work on cleaning centralized switches about the receipt and departure of trains, and shunting movements;

The procedure for notifying locomotive and drafting crews about places where work on cleaning switches is being carried out;

The procedure for the work manager to record the place and time of track work at the station in the Inspection Log of turnout tracks, signaling devices, communications and contact networks.

In cases where the road foreman assigns track fitters without a track foreman to the station manager to clear snow from the turnouts, the work is supervised by a station employee whose position is specified in the local instructions or in the station order. He is also responsible for work safety.

2.8.3. The clearing of switches from snow can be supervised by: a road foreman, a track foreman, specially trained track fitters of at least 3 categories of track distances and PMS, as well as employees of other railway enterprises sent to deal with snow and who have passed a medical examination and issued an order for the track distance in in the prescribed manner.

Switch cleaning supervisors are responsible for ensuring the safety of workers. They should not be directly involved in clearing snow from tracks and switches.

2.8.4. The heads of railway enterprises responsible for cleaning switches, switch necks and other areas of the station, together with the head of the track and station, are obliged to:

Conduct training for senior groups in the duties of a signalman, assign them responsibility for ensuring the safety of those working under their leadership;

Familiarize each employee involved in snow removal with the features of the station, the location of the turnouts, and their numbering;

Conduct labor safety training for each employee involved in snow removal.

2.8.5. To clear snow from tracks and switches, groups of workers may be assigned to the supervisor of these works:

On single-track sections and station tracks - no more than 15 people;

On double-track sections - no more than 20 people;

There are no more than 6 people on the shooters.

At separate points where there is no constant shunting work, one track fitter of at least 3rd category is allowed to perform work on turnouts. The list of such separate points, the procedure for notifying the track lineman about the approach of trains and additional security measures are established by the head of the railway department (in the absence of departments - the chief engineer of the railway), the head of the station to whom these separate points are assigned, in agreement with the technical labor inspector of the trade union.

2.8.6. Track fitters working for the first winter are not allowed to independently clean centralized turnouts. They must be trained in the specifics of working in winter conditions, work only in a group, and assigned to experienced track fitters.

2.8.7. Before starting cleaning at centralized turnouts, the team leader or track fitter working as one person must protect the work area during the day with a red signal, at night and during the daytime in fog, snowstorms and other adverse conditions that impair visibility - with a hand-held flashlight with red lights.

On the turnout between the retracted switch and the frame rail, as well as on the crosspieces with a movable core, a wooden insert must be placed between the core and the guardrail against the electric drive rods.

2.8.8. The gathering of workers involved in snow removal should be carried out at points not associated with crossing railway tracks.

2.8.9. The passage to the place where the tracks are cleared of snow on the stretch and the return back must take place away from the railway track or along the side of the road.

In conditions of severe drifts, when passage away from the path and along the side of the road is impossible, passage along the path is permitted in compliance with the requirements of clause 2.1.3 of these Rules.

2.8.10. Work to clear centralized turnouts from snow should be carried out during breaks between the movement of trains and shunting units. Work on switches located on hump and marshalling tracks should be carried out only during breaks in shunting work and dismantling of cars or when the track is closed after agreement with the hump duty officer.

In all cases of work on turnouts, the work manager must make an appropriate entry in the Inspection Log of tracks, turnouts, signaling devices, communications and contact networks, indicating the place and time of work.

2.8.11. The work manager, team leader or independently working track fitter must:

In person or by telephone, agree on a work plan with the person on duty at the station (slide, shunting area);

Monitor timely notification of track fitters about the receipt, departure, passage of trains and upcoming shunting movements.

2.8.12. Work on turnouts equipped with pneumatic blowing devices should be carried out by two track fitters. One track fitter must work directly with the hose. Another track lineman must perform the duties of an observer (signalman). He must be located at the tap connecting the hose to the air dispenser, monitor the movement of the rolling stock and be ready at any time to stop the supply of compressed air, signal the person working with the hose about the approach of the rolling stock (including on an adjacent track) and remove the hose together with him. between paths.

When crossing several tracks, the hose should be laid under the rails in sleeper boxes that have been cleared of snow and ballast in advance.

2.8.13. When working on turnouts equipped with electric heating devices, turning on and off the heating of the corresponding group of turnouts can be carried out remotely by the station duty officer or directly on site from the control cabinet by track workers or other workers in accordance with the Technical Instructions for servicing electric heating devices for cleaning turnouts from snow taking into account local conditions.

It is prohibited to carry out any work on the switch when the electric heating is turned on, except for manual cleaning using a non-metallic tool and a hose blower.

2.8.14. Clearing tracks of snow and removing it at stages and stations should, as a rule, be done with snow blowers and snow removal machines. In places where the operation of machines is impossible or in their absence, it is allowed to clear the paths of snow and remove it manually in compliance with the following safety requirements:

When clearing tracks with trenches or cutting snow slopes after cleaning with snow blowers, niches should be made in the slopes at a distance of 20 - 25 m from one another, staggered to accommodate workers when passing trains.

The dimensions of the niche must be determined in each individual case by the number of workers, taking into account their location in the niche no closer than 2 m from the outer rail, but be at least 0.75 m deep and at least 2 m wide.

When clearing the path of snow in the excavations, measures necessary to prevent snow avalanches should be taken.

2.8.15. Work on clearing and removing snow from hill and sub-hill tracks can only be carried out during periods when these tracks are closed.

2.8.16. Utility trains for transporting snow outside the station are formed from 10 - 15 platforms and a carriage for workers traveling to and from the unloading site, as well as for their heating.

Snow should be loaded and unloaded onto train platforms only when the train is completely stopped. When the train moves along the work front, workers can be on the platform no closer than 1.0 m from the sides.

2.8.17. During periods of severe frost, medical workers should be present at the sites of mass work to clear tracks and switches of snow to prevent and provide assistance in case of frostbite.

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ORDER OF JSC Russian Railways dated 12-12-2008 2671r ON APPROVAL OF OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY INSTRUCTIONS FOR TRACK FITTER IN JSC Russian Railways (2019) Relevant in 2018

3.8. Occupational safety requirements when clearing snow from railway tracks and turnouts

3.8.1. Work to clear snow from centralized turnouts should be carried out only during breaks between the movement of trains and shunting units. Work on turnouts located on hump and marshalling tracks must be carried out only during breaks in shunting work and disbanding of trains or when the track is closed and with mandatory compliance with the requirements of paragraph 3.1.1 of these Instructions.

Work on clearing and removing snow from hump and sub-hill tracks must be carried out during periods when these tracks are closed.

3.8.2. The work of cleaning turnouts must be carried out by a team consisting of no less than two and no more than six track fitters, one of whom must monitor the movement of trains and not participate in the work.

At separate points where there is no constant shunting work, it is allowed to manually clear the turnouts of snow by one track fitter with qualifications of at least 3rd category. The list of such separate points, the procedure for notifying track linemen about the approach of trains and additional security measures are established by the head of the railway department (chief engineer of the railway) or the head of the station to whom these separate points are assigned, in agreement with the technical labor inspector of the trade union.

3.8.3. Track fitters working for the first winter are not allowed to independently clean centralized turnouts. They must be trained in the specifics of working in winter conditions, work only as part of a team, and are assigned by order of the enterprise to experienced team workers. The track fitter and the brigade worker to whom he is assigned must be familiarized with the above-mentioned order against signature.

3.8.4. Before starting to clear snow at centralized turnouts, the track fitter who is the senior member of the group, or the track fitter working as one person, must fence off the work area:

during the day - a red signal;

at night and during the daytime in fog, snowstorms and other unfavorable conditions that impair visibility - with a hand-held flashlight with red lights.

3.8.5. Before the start of snow clearing work, a wooden liner must be placed on the centralized switch against the electric drive rods between the retracted point and the frame rail, and on crosses with a movable core - between the core and the guard rail.

3.8.6. When working as one person, the track fitter must:

monitor notifications about the receipt, departure, passage of trains and upcoming shunting movements;

position yourself facing the direction of the expected shunting train or train in the correct direction of travel, without weakening your attention to the movement of trains in the opposite direction.

3.8.7. Cleaning of snow from turnouts with compressed air must be carried out by two track fitters of at least 3rd category, one of whom directly clears the turnout of snow, and the other (an observer, who is also a signalman) must be located at the point where the air hose is connected to the shut-off valve of the air supply network, monitor announcements via loudspeaker communication or the issuance of a special sound signal about the upcoming passage of a train, the disbanding of cars, the passage of a locomotive or shunting train through the work area and be ready at any time to stop the supply of compressed air and give a command to the track fitter working with a hose to stop work and leaving the turnout.

When blowing off a switch, track installers must use safety glasses and gloves to protect their eyes and skin on their hands.

3.8.8. The air hose should be transported assembled into rings to the work site and storage areas.

3.8.9. When cleaning (blowing) turnouts with compressed air, the following requirements must be observed:

if it is necessary to cross a railway track, the hose from the air supply network should be laid under the rails in sleeper boxes cleared of snow and ballast;

do not use a hose that does not have a standard connection head or a shut-off valve on a metal tip, as well as a hose that leaks air or has an unreliably fastened connection head;

when connecting the hose to the shut-off valve of the air supply network, the shut-off valve at the tip of the hose must be closed;

direct the air stream at the switch at an angle that eliminates the possibility of snow getting into your face;

when moving from one turnout to another, close the shut-off valve of the air network and release compressed air from the hose;

It is forbidden to open the air supply shut-off valve unless the hose is completely straightened and the tip is in the hands of the operator.

3.8.10. It is prohibited to carry out any work on the switch when the electric heating is turned on, except for manual cleaning using a non-metallic tool and hose cleaning.

3.8.11. Clearing the track of snow and manually removing it at stages and stations must be carried out in compliance with the following requirements.

When clearing the track with trenches or cutting snow slopes after clearing it with snow blowers, niches should be made in the slopes in a checkerboard pattern at a distance of 20 - 25 m from one another to provide shelter for workers when passing trains.

When clearing the path of snow in the excavations, measures necessary to prevent snow avalanches should be taken.

When cleaning station tracks and switches, it is necessary to pile snow in shafts in which gaps must be made (1 m wide, at least every 9 m), or in piles with the same gaps for ease of work and passage of workers.

3.8.12. Loading and unloading of snow onto the snow train platforms must be done after the train has completely stopped. Loading and unloading snow while the train is moving is prohibited.

When a snow train moves in the snow loading or unloading area, track fitters on the platforms must sit down and hold on to the sides of the platforms.

3.8.13. When removing snow by train, track workers must be located in a passenger or freight boxcar equipped for transporting workers.

Clearing the railway bed of snow, including tram tracks, is mandatory safety requirement.

After all, a layer of snow 10 cm thick represents serious threat passengers standing on:

platform;
stops.

If the snow thickness exceeds 20 cm, this can lead to a complete cessation of movement.

In this article we will talk about various means that are used to combat snow on railway and tram tracks.

On railway and tram tracks they use three types of equipment:

wheeled and tracked snow removal equipment;
snow blowers based on locomotives, carriages or self-propelled platforms;
attachments for standard carriages or locomotives.

Wheeled and tracked vehicles

Wheeled and tracked vehicles are not much different from those that you can read about in the article about KDM.

This technique manufactured on a chassis:

trucks;
tractors.

Main difference lies in the configuration.

After all, cleaning railway and tram tracks does not require machines with high-speed dumps.

Therefore, instead of high-speed dumps, equipment is installed that is more suitable for one or another situations.

Also very in demand:

loading equipment (we wrote about it here (loading equipment));
dump trucks for snow removal.

You will find more detailed information about them in the article (Snow removal equipment).

Snow Blower Options

Snow blowers for railway and tram tracks there are:

self-propelled;
non-self-propelled.

They are made on the base:

shunting locomotives;
small wheeled platforms.

Even when the snowplow is made on the basis of a carriage or an empty wheeled platform, engine installation turns it into a self-propelled snow removal machine, which is not inferior in efficiency to fighting snow to any other diesel locomotive.

The range of tasks solved by such a machine depends on configuration attachments.

Advantage The advantage of such a snow blower is that it can deliver road workers to problem areas, who perform work that is inaccessible to machinery.

For example, they can:

clean the track marks after removing snow using a blade;
pave the way in tunnels.

However, railway snow blowers are not in great demand.

After all, they can perform only a small number of tasks related to clearing paths of snow.

The exception is machines that can be used at other times of the year for repair or maintenance ways.

Because of high price They are purchased only by some enterprises involved in the maintenance/maintenance of railways and stations.

Much more in demand attachments that turn an ordinary locomotive or carriage into a powerful snow removal train.

Attachments

Attachable snow removal equipment for railways are devices of the following classes:

plows;
screw-rotor;
brush;
pneumatic blowers.

Plows

Plow devices are dumps various:

forms;
sizes.

They are similar to those installed on road equipment. Read more about plow equipment here (plow attachments).

They designed for clearing snow from rails up to 2 meters deep.

Straight and oblique dumps are used for:

patrol cleaning;
track pads

on railways with two or more tracks.

These devices can also be used on single-track roads. However, in this case more efficient double-sided dumps.

Straight and oblique blades throw snow to one side. Therefore, they are turned so that the snow is thrown to the right. Throwing snow to the left is possible only on single-track sections of railways, provided that there is snow fall into a cliff.

Rotary augers

Rotary auger devices operate on the same principle as attachments for road equipment, which we talked about in this article (Rotary auger devices and their modifications).

These devices grind the snow mass and throw it away from the tracks in the most convenient direction.

Travel speed when cleaning a railway using a rotary screw unit, it is significantly lower than when working with a plow device.

However, the rotary unit able to cope with snow cover 4 meters deep, which no blade can do. Therefore, it makes sense to use a rotary locomotive snow plow in particularly difficult situations.

In most cases, the rotary auger snow removal device is powered by a powerful electric motor connected to the on-board network:

locomotive;
self-propelled platform.

Brush

Brush devices used for cleaning railway tracks are similar to those we talked about in this article (Brush attachments) in their own way:

operating principle;
designs.

They not intended For:

rut punching;
dealing with deep snow.

Their main purpose:

dealing with freshly fallen snow;
cleaning turnouts.

After all, the snow clogged between the shooters poses a threat traffic safety, because the servo drive may not have enough energy to move the arrow to the correct position.

Clearing the transfer of fresh and, more importantly, compacted snow allows the servo to:

it is normal to switch the arrow;
guide trains along the correct tracks.

Pneumatic blowers

Pneumatic blowers are used to clear snow from track crossings.

Depending on the design, they create a flow cold or hot air.

Hot air more efficient, because it not only blows away snow, but also ensures the melting of ice, making translation cleaning more effective.

Hot air must be used if there was heavy rain before the snowfall and a lot of snow formed on the transfer.

In such conditions, pneumatic blowing equipment superior in efficiency even brush devices that cannot cope with thick ice.

Almost any of the listed attachments turns an ordinary diesel locomotive into a powerful and efficient railway snow blower.

Modern equipment

Many enterprises They still use equipment made in the second half of the twentieth century. After all, purchasing new snow removal equipment for railways requires considerable expenses.

New equipment:

surpasses the old one in reliability;
more productive and versatile.

Here is a table where you will find different samples of modern technology, designed for cleaning railway and tram tracks from snow.

Model	Type	Purpose	Short description	Manufacturer or dealer website
POM-1	Track cleaning machine	Clears railway tracks of snow, dirt and sand	POM-1 is designed to deal with snow up to 30 cm deep. It is equipped with a diesel engine and an electric generator. Thanks to the rotating platform, it clears snow from any side. Can travel on a train.	omega.by
UPM-1M	Universal track machine	Performs a wide range of work	A universal machine based on the T-158 (XTA 200) tractor is designed for various jobs, which depend on the installed set of attachments. After connecting the auger snow blower, it can clear railway and tram tracks of snow, as well as clean the surrounding areas.	www.promglobal.ru
SDP-M2	Snow plow based on a four-axle car	Used in conjunction with a locomotive, clears railway tracks of snow up to 1 m deep	SDP-M2 is equipped with plows both at the front and at the rear. Therefore, it can be placed in front or behind a locomotive that has sufficient power. Operating speed up to 70 km/h, transport speed up to 90 km/h.	zheldorsnab.ru
SM-7N	Snow removal train	Clears railway tracks from snow up to 0.8 m deep	When moving forward, the SM-7N collects the snow lying in front of it and, using a conveyor, transfers it to the end gondola car. When the gondola car is full, the snow is thrown to the left or right 5-10 m. In winter, the train snow plow is used to clear snow from stations, turnouts and necks. In summer it is used to clear dirt from paths.	ttzh.kz
UPM1-8	Attachments	Rotary auger snow blower for track machine UPM-1M	A mounted unit for clearing snow from tram and railway tracks.	spezkran.com
SS-1M	Strug	Designed for clearing railway tracks from snow and carrying out excavation work	In winter, plows are used to clear railway tracks and stations from snow up to 2 m deep. The plow crew consists of 2 people. A locomotive is required to operate. In summer, the plow is used for earthworks.	roctok.ru
RV-3	Mounted snow removal equipment	Multifunctional blade	The blade is designed for installation on any chassis (wagon, locomotive, locomotive) suitable for carrying capacity. It is used to clear railway tracks of snow up to 1.1 m deep. In summer, the blade can be used to clear dirt from tracks after mudslides and floods.	broadway.ru

Price such equipment depends on:

configurations;
additional wishes of the customer.

Therefore, the final cost must be obtained from:

manufacturer;
official dealer.

Features of the use of special equipment and safety of work

When cleaning railway and tram tracks, it is necessary not only to remove snow that interferes with the movement of trains or trams, but also to move it so that it didn't get on the nearby paths.

Therefore, the procedure for using special equipment, as well as the sequence of actions when cleaning railways, are described in detail in various documents.

Here are some of them:

Instructions for organizing snow fighting JSC Russian Railways (RZD) dated October 22, 2013 – tdesant.ru.
TsP-751 Instructions for snow fighting on railways Russian Federation developed by VNIIZHT MPS - snipov.net.
Instructions for snow fighting on railways Russian Federation dated April 25, 2000 – docs.cntd.ru.
Order of JSC Russian Railways dated November 18, 2014 on approval of the temporary methodology for estimating labor costs for work on clearing elements of the upper structure of the railway track from snow - jd-doc.ru.
POT RO-32-TsP-652-99 – Rules for labor protection during the maintenance and repair of railway tracks and structures(approved by the Ministry of Railways of the Russian Federation on February 24, 1999) – sudact.ru.

Clearing of tram tracks from snow is regulated by the same regulations, which spell out the procedure for clearing city streets of snow. You will find links to these documents in this article (GK).

Conclusion

Proper Use special equipment is the key to ensuring that railway and tram services will function without interruption.

After reading this article carefully, did you find out:

what equipment is used to clean railway and tram tracks;
what regulatory documents stipulate the procedure for using these devices;
what safety regulations must be followed.

In this video you can see how a railway snow blower works:

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