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Charger for lm358 circuit. LM358 and LM358N datasheet, description, connection diagram. Thermocouple amplifier on LM358

Many device parameters will depend on which specific LM358 connection circuit is used. This operational amplifier can be used to implement many designs that can be used without problems in microcontroller technology and even in speaker systems.

This is not a very demanding element - its performance is not stellar, its operating voltage range is also small, but it has the main qualities - simplicity and low cost. The cost of one op amp wholesale is about 15 rubles. Therefore, unsuccessful experiments with it will not hurt your pocket.

Operational Amplifier Features

The LM358 chip is widely used among radio amateurs, as it has many advantages. Among all, the following can be distinguished:

Extremely low price of the item.
When implementing devices on a chip, there is no need to install additional circuits for compensation.
It can be powered from either a unipolar or bipolar source.
Power can come from a source whose voltage is 3...32V. This allows you to use almost any power supply.
At the output, the signal increases at a rate of 0.6 V/µs.
The maximum current consumption does not exceed 0.7 mA.
The input bias voltage is no more than 0.2 mV.

These are the key features that you need to look for when choosing this chip. If you are not satisfied with some parameter, it is better to look for analogues or similar operational amplifiers.

Microcircuit pinout

From the datasheet LM358 you can see that there are two operational amplifiers in one package. Consequently, each has two inputs and the same number of outputs. Plus two more legs are designed to supply power voltage. There are only eight pins on the microcircuit. The LM358 pinout is as follows:

1 - output DA1.1.

2 - negative input DA1.1.

3 - positive input DA1.1.

4 - “minus” power supply.

5 - positive input DA1.2.

6 - negative input DA1.2.

7 - output DA1.2.

8 - “plus” power supply for LM358.

In what packages are microcircuits produced?

The case can be either DIP8 - designation LM358N, or SO8 - LM358D. The first is intended for the implementation of volumetric installation, the second - for surface installation. The characteristics of the element do not depend on the type of housing - they are always the same. But there are many analogues of the microcircuit, whose parameters are slightly different. There are always pros and cons. Typically, if an element has a large range of operating voltages, for example, some other characteristic suffers.

There is also a metal-ceramic case, but such microcircuits are used if the device will be used in difficult conditions. In amateur radio practice, it is most convenient to use microcircuits in surface-mount packages. They solder very well, which is important when working. After all, it turns out to be much more convenient to work with elements whose legs are longer.

What analogues are there?

There are many analogues to the LM358 chip. Their connection diagram is exactly the same, but it’s still better to check the datasheet so as not to make a mistake. Among the complete analogues of the microcircuit, the following can be distinguished:

NE532;
OR221;
OP04;
OR290;
OPA2237;
UPC358C;
OR295;
TA75358R.

You can also select analogues of the LM358D element - these are UPC358G, KIA358F, TA75358CF, NE532D. There are many similar microcircuits that differ slightly from the 358. For example, LM258, LM158, LM2409 have completely similar characteristics, but the operating temperature range is slightly different.

Characteristics of analogues

From the datasheet LM358 and its analogues you can find out the following characteristics:

LM158 - operates in the temperature range from -55 to +125 degrees. The supply voltage can fluctuate in the range 3...32V.
LM258 - operating temperature range -25...+85, supply voltage - 3...32V.
LM358 - temperature 0...+70, voltage - 3...32V.

If the temperature range 0...+70 is not enough, it makes sense to find an analogue operational amplifier. The LM2409 performs well; it has a wider range of operating temperatures. It’s just that it’s a little smaller for food. This significantly reduces the possibility of using the device in amateur radio designs. The LM358 connection circuit is the same as most of its analogues.

In the event that you need to install only one operational amplifier, you should pay attention to analogues like LMV321 or LM321. They have five pins, and only one op-amp is contained inside the SOT23-5 package. But in the event that a larger number of opamps are needed, you can use dual elements - LM324, in which the case has 14 pins. With the help of such elements you can save on space and capacitors in the power circuit.

Non-inverting amplifier circuit

Description of the circuit:

A signal is sent to the positive input.
Two fixed resistors R2 and R1 connected in series are connected to the output of the operational amplifier.
The second resistor is connected to the common wire.
The connection point of the resistors is connected to the negative input.

To calculate the gain, you need to use a simple formula: k=1+R2/R1.

If there is data on the value of resistances and input voltage, then it is easy to calculate the output: U(out)=U(in)*(1+R2/R1). When using the LM358 microcircuit and resistors R1=10 kOhm and R2=1 MOhm, the gain will be equal to 101.

Circuit of a powerful non-inverting amplifier

Elements that are used in the design of a non-inverting amplifier and their parameters:

The chip used is LM358.
Resistance value R1=910 kOm.
R2=100 kOm.
R3=91 kOm.

To amplify the signal, a semiconductor bipolar transistor VT1 is used.

In terms of voltage, the gain, provided such elements are used, is equal to 10. To calculate the gain in the general case, you need to use the following formula: k=1+R1/R2. To calculate the current coefficient of the entire circuit, you need to know the corresponding parameter of the transistor used.

Voltage-to-current converter circuit

The circuit is shown in the figure and is somewhat similar to the one described in the design of a non-inverting amplifier. But here a bipolar transistor is added. The output current is directly proportional to the voltage at the input of the operational amplifier.

And at the same time, the current strength is inversely proportional to the resistance of resistor R1. If we describe this in formulas, it looks like this:

With a resistance value of R1 = 1 Om, for every 1V of voltage applied to the input, there will be 1A of current at the output. The LM358 connection circuit in voltage-to-current converter mode is used by radio amateurs to design chargers.

Current-voltage converter circuit

With this simple design, the LM358 op amp can convert low current to high voltage. This can be described with the following formula:

If a resistor with a resistance of 1 MΩ is used in the design, and a current with a value of 1 μA flows through the circuit, then a voltage with a value of 1 V will appear at the output of the element.

Simple differential amplifier circuit

This design is widely used in devices that measure voltage from sources with high resistance. A special feature that must be taken into account is that the resistance ratios R1/R2 and R4/R3 must be equal. Then the output voltage will have the following value:

U(out)=(1+R4/R3)*(Uin1-Uin2).

In this case, the gain can be calculated using the formula k=(1+R4/R3). If the resistance of all resistors is 100 kOhm, the coefficient will be equal to 2.

Gain adjustment

The previous design has one drawback - there is no way to adjust the gain. The reason is the complexity of the implementation, because you need to use two variable resistors at once. But if suddenly there is a need to adjust the coefficient, you can use a design circuit based on three op-amps:

Here the adjustment occurs using a variable resistor R2. It is necessary to take into account that the following equalities are satisfied:

R3=R1.
R4=R5=R6=R7.

In this case k=(1+2*R1/R2).

Amplifier output voltage U(out)=(1+2*R1/R2)*(Uin1-Uin2).

Current monitor circuit

Another circuit that allows you to measure the current value in the supply wire. It consists of a shunt resistor R1, an operational amplifier LM358, an NPN transistor and two resistors. Element characteristics:

chip DA1 - LM358;
resistor resistance R=0.1 Ohm;
resistance value R2=100 Ohm;
R3=1 kOhm.

The op-amp supply voltage must be at least 2 V higher than that of the load. This is a prerequisite for the functioning of the scheme.

Voltage to frequency converter circuit

This device will be required when there is a need to calculate the period or frequency of a signal.

The circuit is used as an analog-to-digital converter. Parameters of elements used in the design:

DA1 - LM358;
C1 - 0.047 µF;
R1=R6=100 kOhm;
R2=50 kOhm;
R3=R4=R5=51 kOhm;
R6=100 kOhm;
R7=10 kOhm.

These are all designs that can be built using an op amp. But the scope of the LM358 is not limited to this; there are a large number of much more complex circuits that allow you to implement various possibilities.

The topic of car chargers is of interest to many people. From this article you will learn how to convert a computer power supply into a full-fledged charger for car batteries. It will be a pulse charger for batteries with a capacity of up to 120 Ah, that is, charging will be quite powerful.

There is practically no need to assemble anything - you just need to remake the power supply. Only one component will be added to it.

A computer power supply has several output voltages. The main power buses have voltages of 3.3, 5 and 12 V. Thus, for the device to operate, you will need a 12-volt bus (yellow wire).

To charge car batteries, the output voltage should be around 14.5-15 V, therefore, 12 V from a computer power supply is clearly not enough. Therefore, the first step is to raise the voltage on the 12-volt bus to a level of 14.5-15 V.

Then, you need to assemble an adjustable current stabilizer or limiter so that you can set the required charge current.

The charger, one might say, will be automatic. The battery will be charged to the specified voltage with a stable current. As the charge progresses, the current will drop, and at the very end of the process it will be equal to zero.

When starting to manufacture a device, you need to find a suitable power supply. For these purposes, blocks containing the TL494 PWM controller or its full-fledged analogue K7500 are suitable.

When the required power supply is found, you need to check it. To start the unit, you need to connect the green wire to any of the black wires.

If the unit starts up, you need to check the voltage on all buses. If everything is in order, then you need to remove the board from the tin case.

After removing the board, you need to remove all the wires except two black, two green and go to start the unit. It is recommended to solder the remaining wires with a powerful soldering iron, for example, 100 W.

This step will require your full attention, as this is the most important point in the entire remodel. You need to find the first pin of the microcircuit (in the example there is a 7500 chip), and find the first resistor that is applied from this pin to the 12 V bus.

There are many resistors located on the first pin, but finding the right one will not be difficult if you test everything with a multimeter.

After finding the resistor (in the example it is 27 kOhm), you need to unsolder only one pin. To avoid confusion in the future, the resistor will be called Rx.

Now you need to find a variable resistor, say 10 kOhm. Its power is not important. You need to connect 2 wires about 10 cm long each in this way:

One of the wires must be connected to the soldered terminal of the Rx resistor, and the second must be soldered to the board in the place from which the terminal of the Rx resistor was soldered. Thanks to this adjustable resistor, it will be possible to set the required output voltage.

A charge current stabilizer or limiter is a very important addition that should be included in every charger. This unit is made on the basis of an operational amplifier. Almost any “ops” will do here. The example uses the budget LM358. There are two elements in the body of this microcircuit, but only one of them is needed.

A few words about the operation of the current limiter. In this circuit, an op-amp is used as a comparator that compares the voltage across a low-value resistor to a reference voltage. The latter is set using a zener diode. And the adjustable resistor now changes this voltage.

When the voltage value changes, the op amp will try to smooth out the voltage at the inputs and will do this by decreasing or increasing the output voltage. Thus, the “op-amp” will control the field-effect transistor. The latter regulates the output load.

A field-effect transistor needs a powerful one, since all the charging current will pass through it. The example uses IRFZ44, although any other appropriate parameter can be used.

The transistor must be installed on a heat sink, because at high currents it will heat up quite well. In this example, the transistor is simply attached to the power supply housing.

The printed circuit board was wired hastily, but it turned out pretty good.

Now all that remains is to connect everything according to the picture and begin installation.

The voltage is set to around 14.5 V. The voltage regulator does not need to be brought outside. For control on the front panel there is only a charge current regulator, and a voltmeter is also not needed, since the ammeter will show everything that needs to be seen when charging.

You can take a Soviet analog or digital ammeter.

Also on the front panel was a toggle switch for starting the device and output terminals. The project can now be considered complete.

The result is an easy-to-manufacture and inexpensive charger that you can safely replicate yourself.

Attached files:

Chip LM358 in one package contains two independent low-power operational amplifiers with high gain and frequency compensation. Features low current consumption. A special feature of this amplifier is the ability to operate in circuits with unipolar power supply from 3 to 32 volts. The output is short-circuit protected.

Description of operational amplifier LM358

The scope of application is as an amplifier converter, in DC voltage conversion circuits, and in all standard circuits where operational amplifiers are used, both with unipolar and bipolar supply voltages.

LM358 Specifications

Unipolar power: from 3 V to 32 V.
Bipolar power supply: ± 1.5 to ± 16 V.
Current consumption: 0.7 mA.
Common mode input voltage: 3 mV.
Differential input voltage: 32 V.
Common mode input current: 20 nA.
Differential input current: 2 nA.
Differential voltage gain: 100 dB.
Output voltage swing: 0 V to VCC - 1.5 V.
Harmonic Distortion: 0.02%.
Maximum output slew rate: 0.6 V/µs.
Unity gain frequency (temperature compensated): 1.0 MHz.
Maximum power dissipation: 830 mW.
Operating temperature range: 0…70 degrees C.

Dimensions and pin assignments of LM358 (LM358N)

Analogs LM358

Below is a list of foreign and domestic analogues of the LM358 operational amplifier:

GL358
NE532
OP221
OP290
OP295
TA75358P
UPC358C
AN6561
CA358E
HA17904
KR1040UD1 (domestic analogue)
KR1053UD2 (domestic analogue)
KR1401UD5 (domestic analogue)

Examples of application (connection circuit) of the LM358 amplifier

Simple non-inverting amplifier

Comparator with hysteresis

Let us assume that the potential supplied to the inverting input gradually increases. When its level reaches just above the reference (Vh -Vref), a high logic level will appear at the output. If after this the input potential begins to slowly decrease, the comparator output will switch to a low logic level at a value slightly below the reference (Vref - Vl). In this example, the difference between (Vh -Vref) and (Vref – Vl) will be the hysteresis value.

Sine Wave Generator with Wien Bridge

Wien bridge oscillator is a type of electronic oscillator that generates sinusoidal waves. It can generate a wide range of frequencies. The generator is based on a bridge circuit originally developed by Max Wien in 1891. The classic Wien oscillator consists of four resistors and two capacitors. The oscillator can also be thought of as a forward amplifier combined with a bandpass filter that provides positive feedback.

Differential amplifier on LM358

The purpose of this circuit is to amplify the difference between two incoming signals, with each of them multiplied by a certain constant value.

A differential amplifier is a well-known electrical circuit used to amplify the voltage difference between 2 signals received at its inputs. In the theoretical model of a differential amplifier, the magnitude of the output signal does not depend on the magnitude of each individual input signal, but depends strictly on their difference.

The LM358 operational amplifier has become one of the most popular types of analog electronics components. This small component can be used in a wide variety of signal amplification circuits, in various generators, ADCs and other useful devices.

All radio-electronic components should be divided by power, operating frequency range, supply voltage and other parameters. And the LM358 operational amplifier belongs to the middle class of devices that have received the widest range of applications for the design of various devices: temperature control devices, analog converters, intermediate amplifiers and other useful circuits.

Description of the LM358 chip

Confirmation of the high popularity of the microcircuit are its performance characteristics, allowing you to create many different devices. The main indicative characteristics of the component include the following.

Acceptable operating parameters: the microcircuit provides single and bipolar power supply, a wide range of supply voltages from 3 to 32 V, an acceptable slew rate of the output signal equal to only 0.6 V/μs. Also, the chip consumes only 0.7 mA, and the offset voltage is only 0.2 mV.

Description of pins

Microcircuit implemented in standard DIP, SO housings and has 8 pins for connecting to power circuits and generating signals. Two of them (4, 8) are used as bipolar and unipolar power supply terminals, depending on the type of source or design of the finished device. Microcircuit inputs 2, 3 and 5, 6. Outputs 1 and 7.

The operational amplifier circuit has 2 cells with a standard pin topology and without correction circuits. Therefore, to implement more complex and technologically advanced devices, it will be necessary to provide additional signal conversion circuits.

The microcircuit is popular and used in household appliances, operated under normal conditions, and in special conditions with high or low ambient temperatures, high humidity and other unfavorable factors. For this purpose, the integral element is available in various housings.

Microcircuit analogues

Being an average in terms of parameters, the LM358 operational amplifier has analogues in technical characteristics. The component without a letter can be replaced with OP295, OPA2237, TA75358P, UPC358C, NE532, OP04, OP221, OP290. And to replace LM358D you will need to use KIA358F, NE532D, TA75358CF, UPC358G. The integrated circuit is produced in a series with other components that differ only in the temperature range, designed to operate in harsh conditions.

There are operational amplifiers with a maximum temperature of up to 125 degrees and a minimum of up to 55. Because of this, the cost of the device varies greatly in different stores.

The series of microcircuits includes LM138, LM258, LM458. When selecting alternative analog elements for use in devices, it is important to consider operating temperature range. For example, if the LM358 with a limit of 0 to 70 degrees is not enough, then the more rugged LM2409 can be used. Also, quite often, for the manufacture of various devices, not 2 cells are required, but 1, especially if the space in the body of the finished product is limited. One of the most suitable for use in the design of small devices are op-amps LM321, LMV321, which also have analogues AD8541, OP191, OPA337.

Features of inclusion

Exists many connection diagrams operational amplifier LM358, depending on the necessary requirements and functions that will be presented to them during operation:

non-inverting amplifier;
current-voltage converter;
voltage-current converter;
differential amplifier with proportional gain without adjustment;
differential amplifier with integrated gain control circuit;
current control circuit;
voltage-frequency converter.

Popular circuits for lm358

There are various devices assembled on the LM358 N that perform specific functions. In this case, these can be all kinds of amplifiers, both UMZCH and in intermediate circuits for measuring various signals, an LM358 thermocouple amplifier, comparing circuits, analog-to-digital converters, etc.

Non-inverting amplifier and voltage reference

These are the most popular types of wiring diagrams used in many devices to perform various functions. In a non-inverting amplifier circuit the output voltage will be equal to the product of the input voltage by the proportional gain formed by the ratio of two resistances included in the inverting circuit.

The voltage reference circuit is highly popular due to its high practical performance and stability in various modes. The circuit perfectly maintains the required output voltage level. It has been used to build reliable and high-quality power supplies, analog signal converters, and in devices for measuring various physical quantities.

One of the highest quality sine wave generator circuits is device on the Wien bridge. With the correct selection of components, the generator produces pulses in a wide range of frequencies with high stability. Also, the LM 358 chip is often used to implement a rectangular pulse generator of various duty cycles and durations. At the same time, the signal is stable and high quality.

Amplifier

The main applications of the LM358 chip are amplifiers and various amplification equipment. This is ensured due to the inclusion features and selection of other components. This circuit is used, for example, to implement a thermocouple amplifier.

Thermocouple amplifier on LM358

Very often in the life of a radio amateur it is necessary to monitor the temperature of some devices. For example, on the soldering iron tip. You can’t do this with an ordinary thermometer, especially when you need to create an automatic control circuit. For this, you can use the LM 358 op-amp. This microcircuit has a low thermal zero drift, and therefore is classified as high-precision. Therefore, it is actively used by many developers for the manufacture of soldering stations and other devices.

The circuit allows you to measure temperature in a wide range from 0 to 1000 o C with a fairly high accuracy of up to 0.02 o C. The thermocouple is made of a nickel-based alloy: chromal, alumel. The second type of metal has a lighter color and is less susceptible to magnetization; chromal is darker and magnetizes better. Features of the circuit include the presence of a silicon diode, which should be placed as close as possible to the thermocouple. When heated, the chromal-alumel thermoelectric pair becomes an additional source of emf, which can make significant adjustments to the main measurements.

Simple current regulator circuit

The circuit includes a silicon diode. The transition voltage from it is used as a source of a reference signal, supplied through a limiting resistor to the non-inverting input of the microcircuit. To adjust the stabilization current of the circuit, an additional resistor is used, connected to the negative terminal of the power supply, to the non-inverting input of the MS.

The circuit consists of several components:

A resistor supporting the op-amp with a negative terminal and a resistance of 0.8 Ohms.
A resistive voltage divider consisting of 3 resistances with a diode serving as a reference voltage source.

An 82 kOhm resistor is connected to the negative of the source and the positive input of the MS. The reference voltage is formed by a divider consisting of a 2.4 kOhm resistor and a directly connected diode. After which the current is limited by a 380 kOhm resistor. The op-amp drives a bipolar transistor, the emitter of which is connected directly to the inverting input of the MS, forming a negative deep coupling. Resistor R 1 acts as a measuring shunt. The reference voltage is formed using a divider consisting of a diode VD 1 and a resistor R 4.

In the presented circuit, provided that resistor R2 with a resistance of 82 kOhm is used, the stabilization current in the load is 74 mA at an input voltage of 5V. And when the input voltage increases to 15V, the current increases to 81mA. Thus, when the voltage changes by a factor of 3, the current changes by no more than 10%.

Charger for LM 358

LM 358 op amps are often manufactured using charging device with high stabilization and control of output voltage. As an example, you can consider a USB-powered Li-ion charger. This circuit is an automatic current regulator. That is, as the voltage on the battery increases, the charging current drops. And when the battery is fully charged, the circuit stops working, completely closing the transistor.

The most popular dual channel operational amplifier is LM358, LM358N. The opamp belongs to the LM158, LM158A, LM258, LM258A, LM2904, LM2904V series. It has many switching circuits, analogues and datasheets.

The LM358 and LM358N microcircuits are identical in parameters and differ only in the housing.

You will be interested in datasheets and characteristics of other ICs. They are used in conjunction with switching stabilizers and power supplies.

1. Characteristics, description
2. Characteristics table.
3. Pinout, pinout
4. Analogue
5. Typical connection circuits
6. Datasheet, datasheet LM358 LM358N

Characteristics, description

The IC power supply can be unipolar from 3 to 32V. The operational amplifier operates stably at standard 3.3V. Bipolar power supply from 1.5 to 16 Volts. At the specified temperature of 0° to 70°, the characteristics remain within normal limits. If the number of degrees goes beyond these limits, a deviation of the parameters will appear.

Many people are interested in the description in Russian of the LM328N, but the datasheet is large, the main part is clear even without translation. So that you don’t look for the LM358 datasheet in Russian, I’ve compiled a table of the main parameters.

Several popular datasheets for download:

Characteristics table.

Parameter	LM358, LM358N
Power, volts	3-32V
Bipolar nutrition	±1.5V to ±16V
Current consumption	0.7mA
Input offset voltage	3mV
Input compensation offset current	2nA
Input current offset	20nA
Output slew rate	0.3 V/ms
Output current	30 - 40mA
Maximum frequency	0.7 to 1.1 MHz
Differential Gain	100dB
Working temperature	0° to 70°

Microcircuits from different manufacturers may have different parameters, but everything is within normal limits. The only thing that can differ greatly is the maximum frequency: for some it is 0.7 MHz, for others it is up to 1.1 MHz. There are a lot of options for using ICs; there are about 20 of them in the documentation alone. Radio amateurs have expanded this number to more than 70 schemes.

Typical functionality from the datasheet in Russian:

comparators;
active RC filters;
LED driver;
DC summing amplifier;
pulse and pulsation generator;
low voltage peak voltage detector;
bandpass active filter;
for amplification from a photodiode;
inverting and non-inverting amplifier;
balanced amplifier;
current stabilizer;
AC inverting amplifier;
DC differential amplifier;
bridge current amplifier.

Pinout, pinout

Analogue

Great popularity is also determined by the large number of analogues of LM358 LM358N. Depending on the manufacturer, the characteristics may vary slightly, but everything is within tolerance. Before replacing, check the electrical characteristics with the manufacturer, in case it doesn’t suit you. The connection diagrams are similar. There are more than 30 analogues, I will show the first dozen that are completely similar: according to parameters:

KR1040UD1
KR1053UD2
KR1401UD5
GL358
NE532
OP295
OP290
OP221
OPA2237
TA75358P
UPC1251C
UPC358C

Typical connection diagrams

I had to look through several specifications from different factories to find the most complete one. Most are short and uninformative. To make it as clear as possible how the LM358 and LM358N connection circuits work, check out the typical connection.