Jeep

Fuel dispensers for gas stations - definition, purpose, design, operation. Types and characteristics of gas stations General information about gas stations

There are 38,000 liters of fuel below me.
This may well be enough to circle the earth 15 times in our family car.
However, here the contents disappear within a day...
But first things first.

1. Got a job as a gas station worker for the day.
This turned out to be no easy task. I had to go through several briefings alone.
Employees receive monthly classes on fire, chemical and industrial safety. Tests and unscheduled inspections are the basis for the smooth functioning of a gas station and the life of the neighborhood nearby.

2. Received overalls.
All made from non-flammable materials. There are increased demands on shoes; they will not be able to produce sparks and will not be damaged by gasoline.
The jackets, by the way, are warm and feel good in them.

3. And here is the place of today’s work - the company champion in the number of clients in Vladimir per day.
By the way, what about prices in the regions?

4. My mentor and guide is the manager (read, boss) of the gas station Valery Mikhailovich.
Strict, from the military. Can talk for hours about safety precautions and recall unusual situations at work.

5. Gasoline is a flammable thing.
Therefore, fire safety is perhaps the most important thing.
There are several underground water tanks near the gas station in case of emergency.

6. There are fire extinguishers everywhere.
From small to large industrial volumes.

7.Why do you think there is a hole in the floor?
A fuel tanker stops here to drain fuel into a fuel storage facility. If an unexpected situation occurs and some of the fuel spills onto the surface, it will go under the grate, where it will then be cleaned.

8. Fuel storage.
Huge tanks are stored underground.
Up to 125 tons of fuel can be stored here at the same time...

9. I wish I had a personal tank like this near my house..
By the way, they are all double-walled. The space between the shells is filled with antifreeze, which prevents condensation when still warm gasoline is poured here in cold weather.

10. Open it to see.
There is practically no smell. Everything is isolated.
Feed, pressure and indicators are regulated electronically.

11. For control checks, incl. supervisory authorities, there is a long 4-meter rod - a ruler, which is used to measure the volume of stored fuel.

12. But the hose from the fuel tanker is supplied directly here.
By the way, you can’t pour too much into the tank - at 93% of the fill the siren will sound, and at 95% the supply will turn off.

13. While I was inspecting everything, a fuel truck drove up.
It seems nothing complicated - I merged it and that’s it. But no.

14. Fuel samples for the last 3 days are stored at each gas station.
This reserve is in case of any claims.
Such samples are taken from each fuel truck that arrives at a gas station and there is a passport for the fuel shipment.
The certificate for the gasoline itself is also stored here, and you can safely ask to see it.

15. While the driver is waiting, gas station workers climb onto the overpass to check.

16. According to the available documents, the seals on each tank tank and on the drain holes are checked.
The seals are installed at the oil depot where fuel is poured.

17. Opened it up. To the end..
Do you see the bar? The fuel will be poured directly under it so that it does not splash around in the tank.

18. Now we take samples.
The base of the container is lubricated with a special marker gel, which shows the water content in the fuel.
If there is water, the gel blushes like a maiden before a gentleman.

19. The metal flask sinks to the very bottom.
The gel remained green.

20. Then the gasoline is poured into a transparent container.

21. Here the appearance and the presence of possible impurities are assessed.

22. Using a hydrometer, the actual density of the fuel is checked against that indicated in the documents.
Everything is fine here.

23. Well, then the samples are poured into bottles, where they are sealed and stored for the next three days.

24. Actually, only after this does the drain occur.
Yes, the process is slow.
I was distrustful of the whole procedure, figuring that they usually just drain it and that’s it.
However, the requirements and controls here are strict. Everything is recorded, incl. video cameras. Employees have very serious responsibilities, up to and including dismissal.
So now I have no doubts.

25. While the gasoline is being drained, let’s go inside.
I'll tell you a secret - I fill up at this gas station because I live nearby. Honestly.
All the workers are already familiar.
There are always two operators at the cash registers. 12 hour shift.
In total, there are 3 operators on duty here, a technical worker or “pistolman” and a security guard on the night shift.

26. Working with people is not easy.
Many are in a hurry, and there are also simply inadequate comrades. And you need to be polite and courteous with everyone.
I felt this myself when a man came to me with complaints, saying why am I removing his hand...
Yes, and emergency situations, unfortunately, do happen.
A pistol not pulled out upon departure - consistently once a month..
Minor accidents, forgotten keys in a locked car, drunk drivers and boors are a harsh reality...

27. But order processing is not at all difficult.
At workplaces there are touch monitors with their own software.
There is nothing unclear. I sold gasoline to five people.
I handed over the money to the cashier.

28. There is no possibility of underfilling or cheating. A person cannot interfere with the process.
Each column is sealed by state supervision authorities and is periodically verified by them. Automation everywhere.
If you have any suspicions about underfilling or complaints about quality - even regarding fuel or the operator’s work - do not think, call the hotline immediately. Each request is subject to a thorough check.

29. By the way, even the coffee supply is fully automatic.
You can’t pour it for your loved one for free - all information about orders is also centralized.

30. A few words about coffee.
A relaxation area is a necessary thing.

31. And local donuts are my weakness...

32. Special greetings to all those who didn’t have breakfast!
I was assured that the products here are only fresh. The company has established storage/consumption standards according to which everything uneaten is written off. There is no point in feeding people junk food, because... Fresh food is regularly delivered.
But the substandard condition is secretly transferred to the local animal shelter.

33. The girls are all modest, I didn’t distract them for long.
They still have to work and work. By the way, sitting down, eating, and sleeping while working is prohibited.
Hard. But in general, the work is well paid, plus the company invests well in the social security of workers - workers are given excursions around Russia, and camps are free for children, and of course, insurance.

34. And there will be no further photos, because I refueled the cars a little.
I have a lot of experience, so there were no problems.
The smell is pleasant, the mood is good.
And when you smile, there is always a chance to get a smile back from the driver.

Always happy to learn something new.
Working at a gas station is not easy and very responsible. At the same time, everything is really transparent and you don’t need to worry too much about the contents of your tank.
The main thing is to know where to refuel))

Thank you for the opportunity to experience everything for yourself at LUKOIL-Volganefteprodukt LLC.

Autozap. station

At gas stations and filling stations general

On gas station

main – tanks and equipment,

Process pipelines

will help

+ SCHEME

On gas station

3 .

Technology system

11 , (gas stations) are a complex that includes a building, islands

from section columns, islands with tanks and areas for servicing vehicles.

have a store They must be quite expressive in architectural terms,

For normal work and rest of gas station workers, the building layout

must comply with building codes and regulations (SNiP).

The layout provides:

Convenient access and parking of vehicles at the pump during refueling;

Good overview of the entire area from the operator’s premises;

Allocation of areas for green spaces;

Sanitary and hygienic conditions for station workers;

Coordination with the general architectural composition of the microdistrict

Minimum distances of a gas station to external objects and between its structures,

Must comply with STANDARDS

TYPICAL PROJECTS

Radar level gauge

Level gauges are devices that use... for determining the level of liquids .

information meter systems for determining the amount of fuel in

There are radar systems in the tanks of oil depots and gas stations.

Measurements are made by recording reflections from the surface of the oil product.

echo signals of microwave frequency and calculation of oil product level by delay

reflected signal. Servicing such systems does not present any particular difficulties,

since they have no moving parts. Their main advantage is that they do not come into contact with the controlled environment, which allows them to be successfully used for measurement

level of aggressive, viscous and heterogeneous materials.

To avoid fires

– petroleum products should be drained into tanks in a “closed” way and if there is a hydraulic system in the system

shutter; During draining, it is prohibited to release petroleum products through columns connected to

tank to be filled;

– the tips of the drain hoses must be made of non-sparking material and be grounded;

– until the oil product is completely drained from the tank trucks, the driver and gas station operator must remain on standby;

– during draining, the tank truck must be securely connected to the station’s grounding device;

– it is prohibited to refuel a car with the engine running.__

Fire regulations

1. Smoking is prohibited in storage areas.

2. Do not use open flames in areas where petroleum products are stored.

3. When a petroleum product is stored, vapors are formed that must be removed by ventilation

(ventilation).

4. The room must be equipped with fire-fighting equipment

(foam fire extinguishers, boxes with dry and clean sand, felt) and emergency alarms.

5. In the event of a fire, petroleum products must not be filled with water, as

how a burning oil product spreads over the surface of the water and the flame increases.

Remove all flammable substances located near the fire immediately.

Quickly turn off the supply and exhaust ventilation.

To extinguish the fire, you need to stop the access of air to the burning object.

Cover the burning area with a felt mat, cover it with sand, and if there is a strong flame, apply

foam fire extinguishers.

At gas stations, special equipment and devices with copious amounts of foam are used to extinguish fires.

Water is not used to extinguish fires caused by liquid petroleum products, but to cool tanks.

At the gas station, a localization and liquidation plan is developed and approved in accordance with the established procedure.

accidents and fires

18,Reception and delivery of petroleum products

Petroleum products can be delivered to gas stations by all means of transport: car, railway, pipeline, water.

Tankers must be sealed after being filled with petroleum products at an oil depot. Are sealed: – neck(s);– drain valve (drain valve).

Reception Reception of petroleum products into the gas station reserve from a tanker truck is carried out by 2 workers.

When preparing to drain oil products, the operator:

– opens the intake valve – closes the valve on the rainwater drainage pipeline

– provides a place for draining oil products with primary fire extinguishing means;

– takes measures to prevent oil spills

– organizes the installation of a tank truck on the site for draining oil products;

– checks the travel time of the tank truck from the oil depot and makes a note of the time of arrival at the gas station;

– checks the integrity of the seals on the neck and drain valve (drain valve) of the tanker;

– checks the filling level of the tanker (trailer) “along the level”.

Using water-sensitive tape or paste, verify the absence of water and take a sample

Measures t and density of oil products, makes sure that the data (volume, density) specified in

invoice, data obtained during the control of petroleum products in a tanker.

Ensures the serviceability of process equipment, pipelines, tanks,

Takes measures to prevent vehicles from moving closer than 3 m from the place where oil products are discharged;

Drain oil products from the tanker; avoiding overflow or spillage;

Disconnect the drain hoses; – enter the receipt of petroleum products into the journal, shift report and goods -

but the transport waybill data on the actually accepted quantity of oil

product;

Prohibited receive petroleum products in the following cases:

– in case of malfunction of the technical and technological equipment of the gas station; – faulty drainage device of the tanker;

– faulty tank tank grounding device;

– absence of shipping documents or their incorrect execution;

– the presence of water and any kind of impurities in the petroleum product;

– inconsistency or absence of documents confirming the quality of petroleum products;

- during a thunderstorm.

Issue only through fuel oil dispensing columns into vehicle tanks or consumer containers

rules: – operator controls the location of tr funds. must provide the possibility of their emergency

evacuation from the gas station territory; – during refueling, the engine of the refueled vehicle is turned off;

– oil products spilled on the ground must be covered with sand and then removed

– the distance between the car standing under the gas station and the car following it should be 3 meters

and for those in line - at least 1 meter; – before the buses lock up the passage, they leave the salons

outside the territory of the gas station.

Gas station operator during the dispensing of petroleum products:

– ensures constant control over the fulfillment of refueling rules for vehicles;

Siphon pipeline

Pipelines in which fluid moves at pressure below atmospheric pressure are called siphon

Siphon pipelines used for draining petroleum products from tanks do not have bottom drains

devices. When transporting petroleum products with low viscosity (gasoline, kerosene, diesel fuel) in tanks. For siphon drainage, special vacuum installations are used.

Calculation of siphon pipelines is complicated due to the possibility of cavitation occurring in them.

Cavitation(from Latin “cavitas” - cavity) - the phenomenon of formation of cavities in a moving liquid,

filled with steam or gas. It occurs when pressure at any point in the flow

becomes equal to the saturated vapor pressure of the liquid at a given temperature.

Hence, stable operation of pipelines or hydraulic

machines is possible only in the absence of cavitation,

Siphon called a gravity pipeline, part of which is located above the level

liquid in a vessel (reservoir) from which liquid is supplied. Siphon pipelines are used as spillways for hydraulic structures, for draining oil products from tanks, emptying water

emov, when laying water pipelines through hills. To bring the siphon into

it must first be filled with liquid.

To check the operating conditions of the siphon, select a section in it where the pressure is lowest

(“dangerous” section). This section should be most elevated above the level of the fluid section ah-ah

Where p p – saturated vapor pressure of a liquid at a given temperature. If p x p p, the siphon will work .

24. dark petroleum products become more viscous when the air temperature drops,

lose fluidity and their transportation without heating becomes impossible.

Heating is carried out during storage, transportation, receiving and

distributing operations.

Heating of highly viscous and easily solidified petroleum products should be carried out to t

, ensuring its kinematic viscosity of no more than 600 mm2/s (cSt).

The heating temperature for fuel oils should not exceed 90 °C, and for oils – 60 °C.

The heating temperature must be below the flash point of petroleum product vapors

in a closed crucible, at least 25 ° C.

Saturated water steam or superheated water should be used as a coolant.

Subject to fire safety, it is possible to use electric heating.

Various coolants are used to heat petroleum products: steam, hot water,

hot gases and oil products, electricity.

often used water vapor, possessing high heat content and heat dissipation, easily

transportable and does not pose a fire hazard.

Typically, saturated steam is used at a pressure of 0.3 - 0.4 MPa, heating the oil product to 80 - 90 °C.

Hot gases have limited use, as they have a low heat capacity,

low heat transfer coefficients, and it is also difficult to organize their collection; used for heating

petroleum products in tank trucks and in tubular heaters at refineries.

Electricity– one of the effects carries heat, but when using it is necessary to observe the

fire requirements.

There are several heating methods water vapor:

Heating with live (open) steam consists of supplying saturated steam directly to

petroleum product, where it condenses, imparting the necessary heat to the petroleum product.

This method is used to heat heating oil when draining from railway tanks.

The disadvantage is the need to subsequently remove water from the watered oil product.

Heating with tubular heaters the key is the transfer of heat from steam to the heating product

through the walls of the heater. Here, contact of the coolant with the oil product is excluded.

Steam entering the tubular heater gives off heat to the oil product through the heating wall -

body, and the condensed steam is discharged outside, thereby eliminating

There is watering of the oil product.

Circulation heating is based on heating the petroleum product with the same petroleum product,

but preheated in heat exchangers. Circulation heating is used in

mainly when servicing large tank farms, as well as railway tanks.

27, Heater designs are divided into

Heaters for draining petroleum products from containers,

Heaters when stored in tanks

Pipeline heaters.

The following heaters are used for heating in railway tanks:.

1) Live steam heaters are designed as perforated tubular hoses

placed in the thickness of the liquid, steam enters through holes in the hoses.

They are used only for heating fuel oil that allows partial watering.

2) Dead steam heaters are divided into portable and stationary.

Portable placed in the tank only for the period of heating, and at the end they are removed

Stationary are constantly inside the tank

The heaters are made of duralumin pipes; they consist of three sections placed in a tank

one by one.

Electric heating is used to reduce the viscosity of dark petroleum products (fuel oil, oils). The total power of electric heaters reaches 50 – 70 kW.

Steam coil heater

Heaters in tanks are made in the form of various structural forms - coil and

sectional from tubular elements. For better heating, they are placed across the entire cross-section of the tank. The most commonly used are heaters assembled from separate unified sections.

Along with general heating of the entire petroleum product, so-called local heating is also used.

Local heaters should be located close to receiving and dispensing devices.

With the circulation heating method, the oil product is collected from the bottom of the tank and pumped through an external heater and heat exchanger. In this case, a ring supply pipeline and a local heater at the intake pipe are installed inside the tank. Heat exchangers

installed individually for each tank.

Flexible heating elements in the form of separate

blocks. They are an elastic tape consisting of copper and nichrome wires,

woven with glass fiber. The tape is fixed on the pipeline and covered on the outside with a layer of thermal

isolation

Choosing a location for a tank farm

it is necessary that the site intended for the construction of an oil depot is responsible for the engineering

nal and geological requirements. The territory allocated for the oil depot must have

necessary gaps between the boundaries of the site and neighboring structures.

It is advisable to choose a site on the windward side of populated areas and neighboring structures,

so that vapors of petroleum products do not reach residential buildings or objects with open fire.

To do this, a “wind rose” is drawn based on data from meteorological stations.

To prevent the spread of fire when burning oil products spread over the surface of the water and

According to sanitary conditions, river oil depots should be located downstream

along the river from the nearest settlements, industrial enterprises, marinas, bridges.

When choosing a site, it is important that the site conveniently adjoins transport routes.

It is necessary to have a source of water and energy supply on the site itself or near it

for economic, industrial and fire-fighting needs.

The selected site must provide convenient drainage of storm and sewer water,

not causing harm to the population. In order to reduce the cost of construction near the oil depot site, it is desirable to have construction materials and labor available.

According to geological conditions, it is desirable that the site be made of

bedrock capable of withstanding a specific load of at least 0.1 MPa.

Swampy and water-filled areas are unsuitable for oil depots; in 1 case, expensive and labor-intensive drainage work will have to be carried out, and in 2, water protection will have to be built around the oil depot site.

new dam.

The final choice of the oil depot site is made based on the results of the analysis of the report data

survey team consisting of: a chief, a geological engineer or a hydrogeological engineer

civil engineer, surveyor technician, workers for exploration workings and

topographic survey of the site.

29 Oil depots are called enterprises consisting of a complex of structures and installations,

intended for receiving, storing and distributing petroleum products to consumers.

By purpose oil depots are independent enterprises,

those who receive, store and distribute petroleum products to consumers, and are part of

industrial, transport and other enterprises intended to supply these farms.

Technological processes, into main and auxiliary.

TO basic technological processes include:

– receipt of petroleum products at the oil depot;

– storage of petroleum products in tanks and warehouses;

– loading oil products into railway tanks, oil tankers or pumping through pipelines;

– supply of petroleum products to consumers in tank trucks and barrels.

TO auxiliary processes include:

– purification and dehydration (clarification) of petroleum products;

– regeneration of used oils.

Oil depots are divided:

– transport links for receipt and shipment of petroleum products

– railway, water (sea, river), pipeline, automobile and mixed;

– the range of stored petroleum products – for oil depots for flammable and

flammable petroleum products and general purpose tank farms;

Purpose and design of gas stations. Equipment

Autozap. station(gas station) – building complex, construction and equipment, limited. site area and

intended for refueling vehicles (except caterpillar vehicles) with motor fuel and oil.

At gas stations and filling stations general this is: a control room building, a structure for wastewater treatment, for housing

technological equipment information display (range of petroleum products), services, types of services. transport

On gas station-for personnel: administration, food intake, security services, bathrooms, clothing storage, tools,

zap. children, instruments and equipment. buildings must have level 1-2 fire resistance.

There must be signs on the territory of the gas station indicating the location of fire extinguishing equipment and systems.

It is allowed to provide a store premises without a sales area.

main – tanks and equipment,

Fuel dispenser with control and monitoring equipment

Process pipelines

will help- equipment for storing fuels and oils,

Equipment for dispensing the product - fuel oil mixture dispensers.

Speaker Control Equipment

Equipment for maintenance and repair and washing of vehicles - fuels and service equipment for filling stations

Equipment for protection environment environment – fire-fighting equipment. – lightning protection + SCHEME

On gas station, in addition, there must be technical points. obs. auto and service points (shop, cafe)

3 . Horizontal and vertical diagram of gas stations

Car gas stations are classified according to various criteria.

By design:

· stationary;

· container (KAZS);

· mobile (PAS).

By functional purpose:

· common use;

· departmental.

According to the method of placing tanks:

· with underground location;

· with ground location;

· located on the vehicle.

According to the regulatory parameters of standard projects:

· by the number of fuel pumps;

· by the number of gas stations during peak hours;

· by the number of cars refueled per day;

· by total tank capacity.

Stationary gas stations can provide refueling for up to 1,500 cars per day. In terms of capacity, they are designed for 200, 250, 500, 750 and 1000 car refuelings per day, in terms of the number of refuelings during peak hours - 57, 100, 135, 170 cars per hour, and other capacities are possible (Table 1.1). The most common types are gas stations with 500-750 refills per day.

Gas stations with 250 gas stations are being built in densely populated areas of large cities and in rural areas; for 1000-1500 refills per day - at heavy traffic points on highways.

According to the type of location on the ground, gas stations are:

· road;

· urban;

· rural;

· river.

Road gas stations located near highways. They must ensure that vehicles are filled with fuel, compressed air and water. The capacity of road stations depends on the volume of vehicles on the road and can reach 1000-1500 refills per day.

City gas stations are located in cities outside the central part (residential buildings) and are designed for refueling all types of cars and motorcycles. The capacity of city stations is 250-1000 refills per day, and the capacity of “sidewalk type” stations is 150-250 refills per day in the central areas of the city for personal cars.

Rural gas stations provide refueling of vehicles of agricultural enterprises and organizations of regional centers with all types of fuels and lubricants.

River gas stations carry out refueling of small watercraft - boats, motor boats, etc.

Stationary gas stations are built according to standard designs with serially produced technological systems for receiving, storing and refueling fuel, agreed with the State Fire Service of the Ministry of Emergency Situations of Russia. Non-serial technological systems are allowed, the documentation of which is consistent with the territorial divisions of the Fire Service.

STATIONARY gas stations

1.1.1. GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS

They are capital structures, including buildings, fuel dispensers, tanks, process pipelines, treatment facilities and various process support systems. A variant of gas station structures is shown in Fig. 1.1.

Hanging group includes filling islands, information column lamps, a cladding set of the colonnade and the curtain part, a light frieze in the “Customer’s” proprietary color scheme, a volumetric light sign of the “Customer”, lighting fixtures, a transition dome between the building and the curtain group.

Rice. 1.1. Composition of gas station structures:

a) 1 - hanging group; 2 - production block of the building; 3 - service block of the building;

b) 1 - hanging group; 2 - building module of full factory readiness

Filling islands are made of polished or ground stainless steel and are used as fuel dispenser bases, column supports, racks and service posts to protect them from damage by vehicles.

Gas station building consists of one factory-ready module or production and service blocks. The production block includes a central entrance, an operator's work area, an electrical room, a storage room, a service exit, a mechanic's room, an administrator's room, a service bathroom, a bathroom for visitors and a security room. The service block is designed for maintenance.

The gas station building is equipped with air conditioning systems, a thermal curtain for the central vestibule, television surveillance, heating, lighting and ventilation, electricity and water consumption metering, sewerage, security and fire alarm systems, public address system, fuel dispenser protection units, etc.

The technological process of functioning of a stationary gas station includes a complex of operations for receiving, storing and dispensing petroleum products. In order to increase the efficiency of gas stations, the technological process can be provided by automated systems for determining the amount of fuel, monitoring the tightness of tanks, reducing fuel losses and maintaining its quality.

The amount of fuel stored at a gas station is determined based on the average amount of refueling for one car (50 liters), and the amount of fuel dispensers is determined based on servicing 15 cars per hour.

The station layout can have different solutions depending on the power and amount of fuel supplied and the services provided to customers. One such solution is shown in Fig. 1.2.

Rice. 1.2. Gas station plan

1.1.2. ACCOMMODATION REQUIREMENTS

To reduce gas pollution in residential and industrial buildings, the gas station is located on the side of the prevailing wind direction. Placement on overpasses, under them and on watercraft is not allowed.

The layout must exclude the possibility of an emergency fuel spill on the territory of the gas station and beyond. At the entrance and exit from the territory, it is necessary to have gently sloping elevated areas with a height of at least 0.2 m or drainage trays that drain atmospheric precipitation contaminated with petroleum products to treatment facilities. The layout provides:

· convenient access and parking of vehicles at the pump during refueling;

· good overview of the entire territory from the operator’s premises;

· allocation of areas for green spaces;

· sanitary and hygienic conditions for station workers;

· coordination with the general architectural composition of the microdistrict.

The location is indicated by a road sign "Gas Station". Fuel filling stations should be installed on concrete sites, concrete slabs, and in exceptional cases on asphalt sites that ensure the collection of fuel when it leaks.

The minimum distances of a gas station to external objects and between its structures are accepted in accordance with NPB 111-98*.

The distance from the edge of the site for tank trucks to ground-based technological equipment, shed structures and technological shafts of underground tanks must be at least 2 m. For technological shafts of underground tanks with non-flammable material, the specified distance is not standardized.

The gas station fence must be ventilated. Landscaping of the area with shrubs and trees that produce flakes, fibrous substances or pubescent seeds when flowering is not allowed. Near agricultural plantings where flames can spread, a ground covering that does not spread flames or a plowed strip of land at least 5 m wide is provided.

1.1.3. TECHNOLOGICAL EQUIPMENT

Gas station technological equipment is located along four main technological lines.

Filling line- a set of equipment that ensures that the tank is filled with fuel from a tanker. The line section included in the tank consists of a DN 80 pipeline with a wall thickness of at least 4 mm, which on one side ends at a distance of no more than 100 mm from

the bottom of the tank with a fuel jet divider, on the other - a flange for connecting the filling line pipeline. The section that is not part of the reservoir consists of interblock pipelines for the receiving and pumping wells. The receiving well contains: quick-release coupling; a water seal filter that acts as a fire arrester; shut-off valves; fitting for connecting the leak testing system; control station. The pumping well contains a pumping unit with an explosion-proof electric motor in accordance with GOST 17494.

Issue line- a set of equipment that ensures the supply of fuel from the tank to the fuel dispenser: a fuel intake pipeline DN 50 with a wall thickness of at least 3 mm, equipped with a receiving valve for fuel intake at a distance of at least 150 mm from the bottom of the tank; fire stopper; shut-off valves in the process well of the tank and in front of the fuel dispenser; fuel supply pipelines to the fuel dispenser. The section of the pipeline from the service well to the fuel dispenser is laid in trays that prevent fuel spills from escaping into the ground.

Deaeration line- a set of equipment that provides fire and explosion-proof communication with the atmosphere of the free space of the tank. The line consists of an above-ground section of a steel pipeline, the end of which is equipped with a breathing valve and shut-off valves in front of the breathing valve, and a section laid in the shaft connecting the steam space of the tank with the above-ground section. Shut-off valves are designed to shut off this pipeline when testing the system for leaks, as well as to safely replace and maintain the breathing valve. Breathing valve response thresholds: vacuum 100-150 Pa, pressure 1400±50 Pa. The breathing valve is installed at the end of the line, the installation height from the surface of the site is 2.5 m. The throughput of the line is controlled using a pressure-vacuum gauge with shut-off valves.

De-sludge line- a set of equipment that ensures the removal of produced water with solid particles (sludge) from the reservoir. The line is also used for completely emptying the tank of petroleum product residues (when the level of the petroleum product is below the point where it is taken in by the dispensing line) and for mechanized washing of the tank in a closed manner. The desliming line consists of:

· stationary part, which is a pipeline DN 40, on one side ending with a collector for reservoir intake of produced water, passing at a distance of no more than 10 mm from the bottom of the tank, and on the other side - with a fitting with a hermetically sealed plug and intended for connecting the hose of a sludge pumping pump or cleaning solution;

· a portable part consisting of a pumping hose, a hand pump, a drain hose and a portable container for collecting sludge.

1.1.4. TECHNOLOGICAL PIPELINES

Requirements for gas station process pipelines are established by NPB 111-98*, tightness and strength must comply with SNiP 3.05.05, and anti-corrosion protection of underground sections must comply with GOST 6.602. A pipeline diagram with shut-off valves installed on it must be drawn up for process pipelines.

Process pipelines are prohibited from being laid in common trenches with gas pipelines, fire water pipelines, heating pipelines, as well as high and low voltage cables.

Flange connections of pipelines and equipment must be tightly tightened with gaskets made of gasoline-oil-resistant material.

The packings of shut-off and other devices must be checked regularly and the packing must be added or replaced.

Underground sections of communications must have an anti-corrosion coating. Ground areas must be painted.

Process pipelines with fittings, fuel dispensers and drain hoses must be securely connected into a single grounding system.

Single-wall underground pipelines for fuel and its vapors should be located at a depth of at least 0.4 m in recessed trays to prevent fuel leakage beyond their limits.

When using double-walled pipelines of the “pipe-in-pipe” type with detachable connections that provide separate sealing of the internal and external pipelines, construction without trays is allowed.

Process pipelines located underground or in the free space of tank shafts and technological wells must meet the following requirements:

flange connections should be made according to the tongue-and-groove principle;

reliability of connections must comply with the requirements of operational documents;

connections must be sealed and equipped with devices that prevent their self-disconnection;

shut-off and control valves installed on pipelines for flammable and toxic petroleum products, regardless of the temperature and pressure of the medium, must be made of steel.

The points where pipelines enter the tanks must be above the nominal level of filling them with fuel.

Check valves must be installed on the suction pipelines of fuel dispensers to prevent the pumped liquid from moving in the opposite direction.

Gate valves, taps, valves and other shut-off devices must be maintained in good condition and ensure the ability to reliably and quickly shut off pipelines. Malfunctions in locking devices must be corrected immediately.

The shut-off and control valves must be numbered in accordance with the technological diagram.

Shut-off valves (valves, taps) installed on pipelines must have end position indicators.

All process pipelines must be calibrated in accordance with the Guidelines “Capacity of process pipelines. Methodology for performing measurements."

During the operation of process pipelines it is necessary:

· do not allow pressure to increase above that established by the design;

· open and close valves on pipelines using flywheels or special keys, without using any additional levers;

· make sure that no water gets into the pipeline to prevent it from defrosting.

Inspection of pipelines should be carried out daily. Particular attention should be paid to the condition of flange and coupling connections.

Fuel leaks from the pipeline and potholes must be eliminated immediately by:

· installation of emergency couplings and clamps;

· welding;

· tightening bolts or replacing gaskets in flange connections with preliminary release of the pipeline;

· pipeline repair using plastics based on epoxy resins.

At least once a year, steam-air pipelines must be purged with air to remove deposits, and tested for leaks once every five years.

Pipelines connecting various gas station equipment form technological lines for “draining and filling” fuel, deaerating tanks and cleaning them.

MOBILE gas stations

1.2.1. GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS

They are a mobile technological system installed on a vehicle chassis, trailer or semi-trailer, manufactured as a single factory product. Designed for transportation and refueling of vehicles in places where vehicles and agricultural machinery are concentrated in the field, on tourist routes, as well as on the territory of stationary gas stations during the period of cleaning and repairing tanks.

Technical characteristics of the gas filling station are given in table. 1.2.

The filling station must be located on a specially designated area, agreed upon with the administrative authorities, be level and provide the possibility of free access for vehicles for refueling in compliance with fire safety rules. Security markings, appropriate signs indicating the location of a fire reservoir, water intake wells or fire hydrant, marker signs for canopies, and posters with the driver’s responsibilities when refueling a vehicle are installed.

The area must be illuminated in accordance with existing standards, especially fuel refueling and unloading areas, and also equipped with telephone and loudspeaker communications.

Signs are installed indicating the name of the operator on duty, operating hours and the location of the nearest gas station. Each column must be marked with its serial number and the brand of petroleum product sold.

The petrol station is registered with the traffic police. It bears the stencils “Mobile gas station”, “Flammable” and a cargo classification sign according to GOST 19433-88 and “Rules for the transportation of dangerous goods in the Russian Federation”. On the inside of the cabinet door there is space

Not all car enthusiasts think about how a modern gas station works. But in order for fuel to get into the tank of a car, it must go through a rather difficult path through the gas station itself, which now uses the most modern technologies.

Fuel gets to gas stations in different ways; fuel can be brought by train, or it can be delivered to its destination using a pipeline, but most often it is delivered to individual stations using conventional fuel trucks.

Modern fuel tankers, as a rule, have several internal sections, so they bring several types of fuel at once. Fuel will be drained from a section with a volume of 10,900 liters for approximately half an hour. During this time, refueling with a specific fuel will be prohibited for safety and more accurate subsequent reporting of fuel volume.

Before fuel is discharged into underground storage facilities, it undergoes control. First of all, fuel documents are checked, the seal on the tank is opened, its fill level is checked, and then a fuel analysis is taken. New fuel is checked for density; roughly speaking, it should not be diluted with water intentionally or accidentally due to rainwater, condensation, etc.

After checking, the fuel is connected to the tank using a drain pipe and the fuel is drained.

Fuel storage

Fuel tanks can be above ground or underground. They are made of steel and are most often made of two layers for safety. Typically, fuel storage tanks do not exceed 50 cubic meters, but there are tanks with a volume of more than 200 cubic meters; such storage facilities are already considered mini-oil depots, to which their own requirements apply.

The fuel level in the container itself is measured with a meter rod. The fuel level is measured not only when fuel is drained, but also when operators change shifts.

1. Foot valve. It prevents fuel from draining from pipelines and all equipment back into the tank. Without a valve, the pump would have to completely fill the entire system from the reservoir to the refueling nozzle each time it is refueled, which wastes energy and time.

2. Filter. Another filter element at a gas station, it can be installed immediately after the intake valve or in the gas separator (5). If the filter becomes clogged, a hum can be heard when refueling, since the pump has to work with great effort.

3 and 4. Motor and pump. They work in pairs, usually connected by a belt drive, but there are also designs where the pump and motor sit on the same shaft. A belt drive is considered safer, since it is protected from increased loads on the engine.

5. Gas separator. In accordance with the name, it separates excess gases from the fuel, which are suspended in a calm state, and when the fuel is actively mixed, they combine and begin to create foam. The device of the gas separator is extremely simple - it is a small reservoir in which the fuel is retained for a short time, and excess gases freely escape through the drainage holes at the top.

6. Solenoid valve. It opens when fuel is supplied and closes immediately after fuel injection stops. If this valve is broken, it may simply shut off the entire system or not close it; in the latter case, even after the pump is turned off, fuel will flow into the dispensing nozzle by inertia. When the solenoid valve is not closed, the dispenser fills approximately 0.2-0.5 liters of excess fuel.

7. Liquid meter. It can be called differently, for example, a fuel meter, a liquid meter, etc., but it has one function - to accurately measure the amount of fuel. Fuel meters can be electronic or mechanical. In the first case, the accuracy is adjusted using special commands, in the second case, using adjusting bolts.

8. Viewing window. It is a hollow flask with glass. If the flask is filled with fuel, then the receiving valve is working and the fuel remains in the system after the pump is turned off.

It can be called by different names, it is designed to control the fuel supply to the tank neck, and also cuts off the fuel supply when the tank is overfilled.

10, 11, 12. Control system. The system combines a fuel dispenser and an operator control panel.

Fuel dispensers for gas stations - definition, purpose, design, operation. Types and characteristics of gas stations General information about gas stations

Fuel storage

Read more about the device of the filling nozzle