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How to learn to ride on a rear wheel. How I learned to ride a unicycle. The most common mistakes when standing on one of the wheels

Wheelie (The Complete Guide to Wheelie Riding)!

To begin with, it is necessary to say that everything stated here is my personal experience and the experience of other stunt riders I know. Following the following tips will not help you avoid falls, sprains, sprains, or even fractures, but it will still be safer than if you taught yourself how to do it yourself.

Preparing the bike for wheelie riding.

Transmission:
No special training or modifications to the motorcycle are required for training. Almost every sportbike gets into the rear wheel from first gear without any problems. If your bike doesn't lock into first gear, then it's not the bike. High gears are not needed until you start wheeling while sitting on the tank - High Chair Wheelie (and then on weak motorcycles), riding in a candle without hands and in circles.

Tires:
When doing wheelies at high speeds, you should have good tires on the back (no Kings Tires or touring bottles). A tire with a visible or even palpable cord can create dangerous vibrations. I tried doing wheelies on a wheel that had cords coming out of it, and it resulted in the bike wobbling crazy and making it difficult to find the balance point. The new tire completely eliminated this problem. Reduce tire pressure below normal.
To ride in a spark plug at speeds above 30 km/h, set the tire pressure to between 1.4-2.1 atm.
For driving in a spark plug at speeds below 30 km/h 0.84 - 1.4 atm.
In general, the optimal pressure for driving on the rear wheel. 1.2 -1.4 atm. Lower tire pressure will make the ride less stable.

Drop sensor:
Most (or all, I'm not sure) fuel injected bikes have this sensor. It can turn off the engine if you lift the bike very high into the spark plug. The sensor must be disabled. On Hondas this can be easily treated. You need to cut off the wires going to the sensor and bridge them together, and insulate the remaining wire. This method does not work for jixers. The copper ring in the sensor must be removed, or insulated with something like silicone.

Exhaust pipes:
If you are learning to ride in a 12 o'clock candle, then the pipe (or pipes) will have to be shortened. On some bikes the tubes touch the ground at the same time as the tail. If the pipe gets caught on the ground, it may cause you to fall. I would even say that it will inevitably lead to a fall.* The pipe can be shortened by simply cutting off a piece from it and welding or riveting the tip back onto it, or simply buy it. Ready-made short pipes can be purchased here:
www.starboyz.com.

Steering damper:
A damper is, in principle, not necessary to perform a wheelie, but sometimes it can save you from falling. When you lower the front wheel to the ground and the wheel is not straight, it may start to wobble, which may lead to a fall. If you control the lowering of the wheel and its position when touching the ground, then you can do without a damper. But it's better if he is.

Arcs:
As you learn to wheelie, you will most likely drop your bike. Don't go to a fortune teller.* Arches will provide the best protection you can count on. They will certainly save a lot of money, but will not completely protect your bike in case of falls. Arches can be ordered here:
Streetfighters.ru
MXD Cage
Racing 905 Cage
Powers Cages
Freestyle Ingenuity Cages
Wicked Crew Extreme Team's Cages
You can also make the arches yourself or contact your motorcycle service center.

Yoke (12 o'clock frame):
Install the yoke if you plan to learn wheelie 12 o’clock. There are two opinions on whether it is worth learning to ride in a wheelie with a yoke or whether it is better without it. My advice: install a yoke, but remember that the impact of iron on asphalt is much harder than with plastic. But plastic is much more expensive. Here the following solution can come to the rescue: you need to put it in place. You can buy the yoke again at Streetfighters.ru or in foreign Racing 905 Cage, Freestyle Ingenuity Cages, make it yourself or contact your motorcycle service center.

Protective equipment:
Be sure to wear a helmet, jacket, gloves and other protection if you want to continue riding after a fall. (I would personally advise you to buy wider jeans and wear knee pads underneath them. The “turtle” thing is also a very useful thing, or, in a proper way, full torso protection.)*

Before doing a wheelie on the bike.
If you have an ATV or motocross bike, it would be better to practice on them first. You will learn to control the throttle and understand where the balance point is, this will greatly help you in learning to ride a wheelie on a full-size motorcycle.
So if you are ready to learn how to drive in the back then:
1. Make sure that the rear brake is working and the brake foot is set to a position that is comfortable for you;
2. Check how tight the chain is. The free play should be 3-4 cm. Remember that an under-tightened chain can jump off and cause a lot of trouble, and an over-tightened chain will quickly eat up the sprockets and may break;
3. Make sure there are no cracks in the running boards and that all bolts are properly tightened.

Speed ​​and landing on the bike.
I recommend learning to wheelie in first gear. The easiest way for a bike to get into gear is in first gear; it is also important that many bikes have a rev limiter in first gear. This will prevent you from overclocking the engine. There will also be less damage to you and your bike if you fall in first gear, due to the noticeably lower wheelie speed. It is for this reason that I don't think doing wheelies at high speed is a good idea until using the rear brake becomes a habit. It is also much easier to go from climbing in first gear to climbing in second than vice versa. I think 30 km/h is a good speed to start learning, at slower speeds the bike becomes less stable and loses stability. I also recommend starting the training with your left foot on the passenger footrest and your right foot on the front footpeg, with your toe on the brake pedal. It will look awkward at first, but then you will get used to it. Most people think that it is much easier to control a spark plug while standing than sitting. (This is very simple to explain. Standing will make it much easier for you to move the motorcycle while maintaining balance.)* It is also much easier to lift the bike while standing.
Remember! Only falls can teach you how to wheelie and throttle smoothly.

Why is the method of lifting the bike into a spark plug with the clutch the best method?
Clutch lifting is the best method for lifting a bike because there is always enough power to lift the bike onto the rear wheel. At the same time, this leads to slightly faster wear of the clutch discs. As for the chain. I have never heard of any problems with the chain as a result of the added load. There are many advantages to the clutch lifting method over the gas lifting method:
1.This method allows you to lift a bike into a candle that cannot be lifted from the gas;
2.You can drive in the spark plug at lower revs and, accordingly, at a lower speed. This allows beginners to hold the bike longer in the spark plug and balance point. And also receive less painful injuries*;
3. The rise is more predictable. This should be clarified. When gas lift occurs, the front rises relatively slowly. When the front rises about a meter above the ground, a sharp jump occurs as the throttle is almost completely open. This can lead to unpredictable consequences. When the clutch lift is done correctly, the front rises almost immediately to the balance point, and there you can control the lift height with the gas and/or body position. With a little practice, clutch lifting will become very stable and not scary at all.
4. All professionals lift the bike with the clutch. You want to be like them, don't you?

How to lift a bike with a clutch?
There are a couple different methods of lifting off the clutch. I prefer the second method.
Method 1: First, accelerate a little, then depress the clutch with one (or two)* finger until the discs disengage. Then add gas and quickly release the clutch.
Method 2: Close the gas, fully depress the clutch with one (or two)* finger. Open the gas to normal speed (you can do the so-called throttle release)* and release the clutch.
When learning this lifting technique, don't throttle too hard before dropping the clutch. This will allow you to feel and learn the process of lifting the motorcycle with the clutch. Gradually increase the revs and soon your wheel will be lifting close to the balance point. When climbing, ease off the throttle as you approach the balance point. If you have already passed the balance point and releasing the gas does not help return the bike to its normal position, then lightly apply the rear brake. When lifting from the clutch in second and third gear, you may have to put in extra effort, depending on the size of the bike. If the bike doesn't come out of the clutch, a jerk will help. Do it while releasing the clutch and lean back a little.

Gear shift.
I don't recommend changing gears while driving in the spark plug mode unless you can use the clutch. Shifting gears in the spark plug is hard on the gearbox. Also, if you make a mistake when engaging a gear, the bike will drop very sharply onto the front wheel, which is harmful to the fork legs. My advice: learn to drive in a spark plug in one gear, without shifting.

How to properly lower the front wheel to the ground.
Hold the gas until the front wheel touches the ground. If you need to quickly lower the front wheel to the ground, first close the throttle. When the wheel goes down, open the gas. Then the landing will be soft.

How to ride in a candle for a beginner. Step-by-step instruction.
1.Reduce tire pressure to 1.2-1.4 atm.
2. Engage first gear.
3.Accelerate to 20-25 km/h.
4. Depress the clutch.
5. Add some gas and drop the clutch.
6. Repeat step 5, increasing the speed until the front wheel is close to the balance point.
7. Reduce the throttle if the wheel exceeds the balance point.
8. Gently apply and release the rear brake.
9. Hold the gas until the wheel reaches the ground.

The balance is longitudinal (back and forth) in the spark plug.
Forward-backward balancing is controlled by the throttle and rear brake. It is very good to learn first on an ATV or dirt bike. If the front wheel is in front of the balance point, then you must increase your speed. This can be compensated for with more gas. If you've passed the balance point, use the rear brake or engine braking to get back to it. The balance point is a position of the bike in which it is not necessary to either increase or decrease speed in order to remain in the same position. The height of the balance point depends mainly on the driving speed in the spark plug. The higher the speed, the lower the balance point. The balance point also depends on the weight distribution of the motorcycle and the position of the rider on it. The goal of riding in a balanced position is to keep the motorcycle at the balance point for as long as possible. This is done by opening and closing the throttle, and applying the rear brake if required. Over time, you will learn to keep the bike in the spark plug, using the gas/brake smoothly.

The balance is transverse (right-left) in the candle.
This kind of balance is governed by the position of your body on the bike. It is very useful to practice on a bicycle or cross-country motorcycle. When a motorcycle rides in a spark plug at a speed of over 35 km/h, it is in balance. If the speed is less, then you have to balance with your body. The principle is quite simple. Quickly move to the same side where the bike falls. For example, if the bike is leaning to the left, then move to the left. This movement will cause the bike to turn to the left, compensating for its lean.

Preventing/stopping sausage after a wheelie.
From my experience, I think that a loose front wheel after landing can be caused by a worn tire (with a large flat contact patch), rough throttle operation, and/or some body movement. Floating after landing from a spark plug at low speed is due to high pressure in the rear balloon and/or loss of lateral balance.

Driving control in the spark plug.
To handle a bike well, the bike must be at or behind the balance point. To control the bike in a candle at a speed of about 35 km/h, you just need to tilt it slightly in the direction of the turn. To turn at lower speeds, you first need to tilt it in the direction you want to turn. For example, if you want to turn right, first slowly lean to the right. Then lean a little faster to the left, turning the steering wheel a little to the left. This will cause the bike to start leaning to the right. Then, without leveling the bike, you must maintain this angle. This will cause the bike to turn right.

Using the rear brake + driving slowly in the candle/12 hours.
A slow wheelie is riding behind the balance point. This is one of the most difficult parts of learning to wheelie because it requires not only skill, but also courage. To learn how to use the rear brake, you must hold the bike behind the balance point while holding it with the rear brake. Soon you will get used to it and riding in this position will become normal for you. To ride slowly in a spark plug, just keep the bike behind the balance point. If you get scared at this point and press the rear brake hard, this will cause the front wheel to move forward and down without slowing the bike. When slowing down, you should keep the bike behind the balance point while applying gentle pressure to the brakes. As for riding at 12 o'clock, you do the same thing, just release the rear brake a little and let the bike rest on the tail (or better yet, on a frame specially prepared for this)*. If you plan to stop for 12 hours, brake and stop driving first before turning off the engine.

Slow driving in a candle.
First of all, increase the idle speed. I increase it to 3500 rpm. High idle speeds make slow wheelies very smooth. But be careful, trying to slow wheelie with high idle speed for the first time can lead to a rollover, so use the rear brake to protect yourself. When riding slowly on the rear wheel in the spark plug (with a tight idle)*, after some practice you will use only the rear brake and use the gas only to lift the bike and lower it to the ground.
Once you understand all this, then all types of driving in a candle will become clear to you.
* hereinafter notes by Maximoto.

Shift into the correct gear. Most people, when learning to wheelie, turn on the speed at which they are easiest to pedal. This corresponds to the largest sprocket on the rear wheel and the smallest sprocket on the crank arms. This is fine for starters, but for more advanced levels you will need to include a second sprocket on the front derailleur and one of the middle sprockets at the rear. You must maintain a speed of 10-15 km/h, and too low a gear will not allow you to accelerate well and you will lose your balance.

Make sure your rear brake is working properly. The rear brake is a very important part of a long wheelie ride, make sure it works well so you don't fall off when riding at high speed. If it doesn't work, you'll most likely end up with a soft spot on the ground. While wheeling, you should keep one or two fingers on the brake lever.

Lower the seat. You want the most stable position possible, so the lower your seat is, the easier it will be to maintain your balance.

Lock the rear shock absorber. Hardtails are much easier to wheelie than dual-suspension ones. But if you are the owner of the latter, then look to see if it has the ability to block. The performance of your rear shock will greatly affect your balance.

Find a suitable training area. Find a long, straight, level road with a slight slope. Learning to ride uphill is easier than downhill, so take advantage of this in the first stages of learning. Also try to find a place where there is no wind. Even a light wind will disturb you.

Raise the front wheel in the air. Try to point the bike straight as you prepare to wheelie. To raise the front wheel, press firmly on the pedal and pull the steering wheel towards you.

Don't stop pedaling. Pedal evenly and vigorously.

Use the brake. When you feel yourself starting to roll over, apply the rear brake. When pressed, the front wheel will lower, to prevent it from touching the ground, begin to pedal more intensely. Wheelie riding requires a good sense of balance, as the balance point is right where you almost fall backwards. With experience, you will realize that it is easiest to keep the bike on the rear wheel just when you are at the balance point. When you find this point, you will have to use the brakes more often and pedal more carefully. If you have to pedal very hard to keep the front wheel in the air, then you need to lean back more and catch your balance point. With experience, you will find the right point and be able to stay there longer and longer. Soon, you will be able to drive around the entire city on your back wheel, simultaneously catching air kisses from your fans.

Among fans of cycling, video sketches posted on the Internet are very popular, where experienced masters skillfully and effectively move on the rear wheel. This spectacle is quite interesting, causing a special desire among teenagers to learn this kind of riding practice.

Riding on the back wheel of a bicycle is called Wheelie or surf riding. To learn this, you will need several mandatory lessons that will gradually reveal the technique and subtleties of the trick.

Getting ready for the first classes

Learning to properly control your bike

So, the first successes have been achieved - we are able to travel a certain distance on the rear wheel. Now you need to learn how to control a bicycle in this position.

Again we remember physics, the rules of vector expansion of the applied force, in this case from the center of gravity. Using my knees as a counterweight, I can quickly learn to “steer”- just tilt them in the desired direction of rotation. It is clear that sudden movements must be excluded - this will provoke an inevitable fall.

You can adjust the direction of movement using the steering wheel, but in a mirror form - to turn right, the steering wheel is turned to the left, and vice versa. With more practice, every cyclist will find the most suitable way to make turns.

Disputes often arise - is it better to sit in the saddle or stand on the pedals with bent legs. There is no general recipe - both methods have a right to exist, the main thing is to maintain the correct location of the center of gravity above the rear wheel. By the way, this largely depends on the design features of the bicycle. In any case, if you have good skills, you will be able to ride while sitting in the saddle with an air of complete serenity.

Typical beginner mistakes

  • Often, the fear of falling prevails over the desire to learn this trick. One thing I can advise is to overcome it. Protective equipment can play a significant role in this, allowing you to avoid serious injuries. In addition, you can, for starters, practice the correct dismount on both legs from a bicycle that has reared up and is out of control, letting it “under you” - this will certainly increase your confidence.
  • “Giving up” after the first failures. You shouldn't hope that success will come instantly. Don't believe those who say they went the first time. Even learning to simply ride a bicycle takes time and patience, let alone such an extreme form of driving. Practice shows that significant success comes after a week of training.
  • This has already been said - when the front wheel comes off, you cannot rely only on jerking the steering wheel with your hands- This is a dead-end option.
  • You should not bend over the steering wheel, even if this seems to be the safest position - it is impossible to maintain the center of gravity in such a position.
  • Sudden movements, acceleration and braking are a direct path to a fall. Everything should be smooth and proportionate.

In order to learn how to ride a wheelie, it is important not to be afraid or panic at the first failures. Only persistent training will bring positive results over time. However, time will pass when you will laugh at your current self, when such a trick will be easy to perform reflexively and even the thought that someone cannot master this will seem strange.

Video

The video will clearly show how to lift the front wheel and maintain balance:

You are walking around the city. Then a teenager silently rushes past you, standing on a crossbar with small wheels on the sides. He doesn’t push off from the ground—he just rides. The next minute, when you are standing at a traffic light, a bicycle passes along the road at great speed, overtaking cars, while its owner sits straight and does not think about pressing the pedals. There is a girl standing nearby who, as soon as the light turns green, gets on her scooter and... just rides. What's happening?

The point is that the future has already arrived. Human laziness and the desire to make life as comfortable as possible have led to the fact that almost all of our familiar mechanical means of transportation around the city, such as bicycles and scooters, have already been converted to electric drive - they are powered by electric motors. At the same time, civilization has come up with a huge number of new opportunities to move around the city, of course, with the help of electricity.

Electric bike

In principle, we have known about the existence of electric bicycles for a long time. We take an ordinary bicycle, attach an electric motor to it, which is capable of accelerating our city vehicle without our help, and enjoy life. If you want, pedal, if you want, you turn on the engine and catch the flow of wind in your face and the envious glances of other cyclists.

Today, the electric bicycle is becoming not some kind of curiosity, but a very fashionable means of transportation. Moreover, in big cities, where from home to work you need to travel 10-15 kilometers in traffic jams, an electric bicycle is not a fad or a tribute to fashion, but a real necessity. This solution is especially relevant for those who do not want to sit in a traffic jam in a car, cannot travel on a motorcycle, do not have space to store a small scooter and live far from the nearest metro station. An electric bike that can hide on your balcony is a real way out of the situation.

Now prices for modern electric bicycles start from 25 thousand rubles and go almost to infinity. Moreover, when we say “almost to infinity,” this is what we mean. Today you can buy an electric bicycle, the price tag of which will significantly exceed 500 thousand rubles - the amount for which you can buy a good, albeit slightly used, foreign car.

Motor-wheel

Do you already have a regular bike, which already costs a lot, and you don’t want to buy another one just because it has an electric motor? But sometimes you want to move around the city faster or spend a little less energy climbing a hill?

There is a solution - a wheel motor. It can turn an ordinary standard-design bicycle into an almost full-fledged electric bicycle. You buy a wheel that already has an electric motor built into it that drives it. Then all that remains is to install such a wheel on your bicycle so that it turns into an electric bicycle. Think of it as reinventing the wheel.

But such wheels will cost only slightly less than full-fledged electric bicycles. The price tag for them starts from 19 thousand. More advanced models can be bought for 26-30 thousand rubles.

Electric scooter

Do you remember at the beginning we mentioned the girl who, having stood on a scooter, drove away from the traffic light on her own, without pushing off from the ground? She was using an electric scooter.

Its essence is almost the same as that of an electric bicycle: an electric motor is built into the scooter, which is located under the footrest. It drives the rear wheel, which pushes the entire structure with you on it forward. To start moving, you just need to transfer your weight to the back of the scooter - this way you press the pedal, which will set the vehicle in motion.

This scooter is very convenient for moving from home to the metro and from the metro to your place of work. Scooters are not prohibited from being brought into the metro, so you won’t have any problems with an electric scooter. The main thing is not to ride it inside stations. This is not only prohibited, but also unsafe.

Prices for adult electric scooters start from 15 thousand and end at about 100. By the way, you can buy an electric scooter with large wheels, like a bicycle. But such luxury will cost you no less than 200 thousand rubles.

Electric skate

The next means of transportation around the city on our list is very similar to an electric scooter, only it has twice as many wheels and no handlebar post - an electric skate.

We are already accustomed to ordinary skateboards and longboards on city streets. It's time to get used to the fact that skaters will rush past us, who do not need to push off with their feet to move - I pressed the back of the skateboard and went.

The essence is the same as in a scooter - an electric motor built into the design that drives the wheels.

The cost of this miracle of technology starts from 23 thousand rubles. True, the range of such vehicles on our market is still scarce. But electric skateboards are just starting to gain popularity.

One-wheel electric skate

Yes, there is such a wonder - a one-wheel electric skateboard. Based on their name, we understand that this is something like the electric skateboard described above, but with one wheel instead of four. But how is this possible?

One-wheel electric skateboard. Photo: Frame youtube.com

Everything is simple - the only wheel, large enough in size, is located in the slot - along the board. Its upper part sticks out from the board, and its lower part touches the ground. A low center of gravity helps maintain balance. This vehicle looks truly cosmic. You immediately begin to believe that the future has already arrived.

Prices for these unusual vehicles start at about 30 thousand rubles.

Unicycle

Very similar to a one-wheeled electric skateboard, the unicycle is another futuristic means of transportation around the city. The only difference from a skateboard is that the skateboard is not attached to the wheel. A person moves while standing on one wheel.

If, in the case of a skateboard, you stand along the wheel on the board, then the unicycle is equipped with two small footrests, which are located on the sides of this wheel. You need to stand on them in such a way that your body is positioned across the wheel - crosswise. You get up and go.

Prices for unicycles start from 22-24 thousand rubles and amount to about 75-80 thousand rubles.

Hoverboard

One of the most popular toys among urban youth today is the hoverboard. In some ways it resembles a unicycle. The difference is that there are twice as many wheels, and the space for the legs is not on the sides of the wheels, but between them there is a small platform, like on a skateboard, only not along, but across with small wheels on the sides.

The movement must be controlled by tilting the feet forward and backward. I lightly pressed the “board” with my toes and went faster. I focused on my heels and slowed down. In principle, there is nothing complicated in the controls - even small children, after a few minutes of experimentation, begin to drive through the streets at a speed of 15-20 kilometers per hour.

This miracle of technology costs 15 thousand rubles and more. A huge number of offers have already appeared on the market. The only negative is the small size of the wheels, for which even a small obstacle on the street, a pothole or a ledge will be insurmountable. The price can increase up to 60 thousand rubles. There are also versions with larger wheels.

Segway

One of the most familiar types of urban transport of the future, which has already become our present, is the Segway. Russians have long been amused by renting them in parks. It looks exactly the same as a hoverboard, only with a handle and a steering wheel that you can hold on to with your hands and control the movement.

Instead of pushing with your toes to increase speed and braking with your heels, a Segway only requires you to lean forward slightly on the handlebars to go forward and shift your weight slightly back to slow down.

Despite the slight difference in design, Segways are noticeably more expensive than hoverboards. The fact is that they are actually considered a means of transportation, and not just another toy, and have larger wheels and a battery with a longer power reserve.

Prices for full-fledged Segways start from 50-60 thousand rubles and have practically no upper limit, going beyond the horizon of 300 thousand rubles.

Every self-respecting cyclist should be able to ride on the back. After mastering this skill, you can take a risk and try riding on the front, this trick is called a bunny hop.

There are two common ways of riding, as if “on hind legs”

  • the Willie maneuver, which requires moving on one wheel and rotating;
  • Servo, this option involves driving without a pedal, the wheels continue to rotate only thanks to the speed that was achieved earlier.

How to choose a training area

To learn how to ride on one wheel, you need to choose the right territory, keep in mind that each trick requires individual conditions. It is easier to learn how to do a Willie when going uphill. And when performing Serve, it is better to go to a site where there is a smooth downward slope. In any case, the path along which you will ride should have as straight a surface as possible.

The saddle must be lowered to make it easier to maintain balance. Choose the optimal height so that at the moment when the connecting rod is parallel to the road, your knees are bent (90 degree angle). Do not bend your arms under any circumstances; keep them straight at all times.

The most common mistakes when standing on one of the wheels

It is impossible to accurately name the appropriate speed that is suitable for learning to ride. But the higher the speed, the easier it is to maintain balance. Most often, the middle sprocket is selected on the front and rear wheels.

After accelerating the bike to a speed of 15 km per hour, try lifting the wheel and handlebars located on top. At this moment it is necessary to transfer your body weight to the rear wheel. At this moment, the difference between a serf and a wheelie is clearly felt. When performing the Willie trick, the cyclist presses against the saddle and pedals quickly as he pushes forward. If you want to perform a servo, you should straighten your body and stand on. But at this moment your arms must be kept straight. If you try to pull the front wheel with your arms bent at the elbows, you will fail and you will lose control.

Another common mistake that inexperienced riders often make when trying to stand on one of the wheels is too much or too little force applied to the steering wheel. In the case of Willy, this can result in a fall back and the need to perform sharp braking. If you make a servo, you can fly out through the steering wheel. The main thing in this matter is to find a middle ground, and then there will be no difficulties while performing tricks.

If you use the above tips and approach the tricks of riding on one of the wheels correctly, you will not have any problems. This will only allow you to get closer to performing the most complex techniques. Everything is real, you just need to train regularly and try to avoid the most common mistakes. And after some time, your efforts will achieve the desired results. Remember that all professionals have gone through numerous failures and long hours of hard training. Their main distinguishing feature is the experience gained during training.