Types and sizes of rechargeable batteries. How to choose a battery. Types of batteries, their sizes, markings and applications
What does the average buyer pay attention to when buying batteries? The survey shows that users tell the seller the standard size and the desired manufacturer, rarely - what the batteries are intended for (remote control, scales, etc.). But if you once understand this variety, you can not only save money, but also extend its service life.
In a broad sense, batteries are divided into galvanic (disposable) and rechargeable (reusable). For the latter, you need to purchase a charger. By type, galvanic batteries are divided into salt, alkaline (alkaline), lithium, mercury and silver. The next most important characteristic is the size. The most popular two types are cylinder and button (tablet). For convenience, cylindrical batteries are generally marked with letters. For example, the well-known finger batteries are abbreviated AA, and little finger batteries are abbreviated AAA. Other popular sizes are C, D and 9V. Rechargeable batteries also have subtypes: nickel-cadmium, nickel-metal hydride, lithium-ion.
- brand popularity;
- user reviews;
- expert opinion;
- long-term operation;
- price.
The best alkaline (alkaline) batteries
It’s easy to distinguish alkaline batteries from others - they bear the inscription Alkaline, which can be translated as “alkali”. Their key advantages are increased charge current, long shelf life, and low percentage of capacity loss.
4 ProMega Jet AAA LR03
The best combination of price and quality
Country: China
Average price: 230 rub.
Rating (2019): 4.6
The alkaline power supply from the Chinese brand is of the pinky type, it is indispensable for small electronic devices that do not consume a lot of energy. Despite its AAA dimensions, the accessory is capable of supporting voltage up to 1.5 V. Its good capacity of 1150 mAh allows it to work efficiently, especially in the first years after release. In subsequent ones, a certain loss of resource is observed. In general, the product is designed for 7 years of service.
The battery case is reliably sealed, there are no leaks. Among the advantages, we can highlight the use by the manufacturer of materials that do not contain mercury and cadmium. The package containing 10 batteries is tightly sealed, but is easy to open. It's always a good idea to have this set on hand, as the power supplies are suitable for a wide range of household products. The cost of the product with decent quality is quite affordable, which makes it in demand.
3 "Cosmos" AA LR6
The most optimal packaging in terms of capacity
Country Russia
Average price: 380 rub.
Rating (2019): 4.7
The Russian manufacturer offers finger-type alkaline galvanic devices that work effectively in children's toys with electronic mechanisms, photographic equipment, flashlights, computer mice and remote controls. The AA size in this battery is designed for low and medium voltage (up to 1.5 V). In this case, the operational period is 7 years.
A significant plus is the wide operating temperature range. The power supply can operate at negative temperatures up to 30 degrees, and positive ones up to 50. The limits of the lower and upper storage bars reach minus 40 and plus 50 degrees, respectively. The package in question includes 20 units, although the company also produces packages containing from 1 piece (Krona type) to 96 (AAA) devices. The weight of each battery is 0.54 g. The disadvantages include the availability of goods not in all retail chains.
2 Sony Alkaline STAMINA Platinum
Convenient opening of the package
Country: Japan
Average price: 110 rub.
Rating (2019): 4.8
Alkaline batteries from Sony have proven themselves positively in the domestic market and are rightfully included in our rating. The Stamina Platinum series is an alkaline battery designed for high-performance devices. Experts recommend these batteries to those who are interested in optimal efficiency. The 1.5V voltage is suitable for everyday electronics.
Users in reviews note such a nuance as convenient opening of the package. Blisters of standard sizes AA, AAA, C, D and 9V are available for sale. Advertising guarantees up to 50% more performance, and the stated shelf life is up to 10 years.
Based on the type of battery, they are divided into galvanic and rechargeable. What are their advantages and unique features, and what are the main disadvantages - we will find out from the detailed comparison table.
|
Battery type |
pros |
Minuses |
|
Galvanic (disposable) |
||
|
Low cost Availability A wide range of |
Shelf life (up to 2 years) Loss of capacity up to 40% at the end of storage period Complete loss of capacity at negative air temperatures |
|
|
Alkaline (alkaline) |
High tightness of the housing Low sensitivity to low temperatures Shelf life up to 5 years Low loss of capacity at the end of shelf life (about 10%) |
Declining charge curve Increased cost More weight Lack of rechargeability |
|
Lithium |
Low dependence on current load Increased endurance Shelf life – from 15 years Minimal loss of capacity during storage period Possibility of operation at subzero temperatures |
High price Lack of rechargeability |
|
Stable voltage High capacity Independence from ambient temperatures Long shelf life |
Lack of rechargeability High price Risk of depressurization The need to comply with disposal regulations |
|
|
Silver |
High energy intensity Constant voltage Shelf life – from 10 years Resistance to temperature changes Ability to work at negative temperatures Large specific capacitance Do not pose a threat to health in case of depressurization |
High price Lack of rechargeability |
|
Rechargeable (reusable) |
||
|
Nickel-cadmium |
Good tolerance to temperature changes Short circuit resistance Affordable price |
Remembering charging limits |
|
Nickel metal hydride |
Possibility of repeated recharging Large capacity No “memory effect” Work until fully discharged |
The need to purchase a charger High price |
|
Lithium-ion |
Possibility of repeated recharging No memory of charging limits High charge density Low self-discharge No liquid electrolyte |
The need to purchase a charger High price |
1 Duracell Basic
Minimal losses during storage period
Country: USA
Average price: 150 rub.
Rating (2019): 4.9
Alkaline batteries from Duracell of the Basis series are distinguished by increased energy-intensive characteristics, thanks to which they received a nomination in the rating. Users confirm that these elements with a voltage of 1.5 V are capable of powering various devices for a long time.
Advertising slogans claim that these alkaline batteries can last up to ten times longer compared to analogues. The manufacturer emphasizes that if they are not used, they remain fully charged for 10 years. The reviews positively evaluate the operation and service life of the devices, as well as the availability and size range - AA, AAA, C, D, 9V.
The best lithium batteries
Lithium batteries are believed to have higher energy performance and an expanded range of capabilities than salt and alkaline counterparts. Their distinguishing mark is the Lithium mark on the packaging.
4 Saft LS 14500 AA
Efficient device for heavy loads
Country: France
Average price: 350 rub.
Rating (2019): 4.6
This lithium battery is a finger-type battery in size and performs well under high voltage. The recommended DC current limit is 50 mA. But for devices that consume low current, pulses of 5 - 150 mAh, this is also an acceptable solution. According to the chemical system, the battery is classified as lithium-thionyl chloride. Its advantage is considered to be low self-discharge throughout its entire service life, which can reach 20 years depending on operating conditions. After the first year, the capacity life decreases by a maximum of 3%.
The AA size product can withstand extremely low and high temperatures. The operating range ranges from minus 60 to plus 150 degrees. Even in adverse conditions, the power supply is not subject to corrosion, its stainless steel housing remains highly sealed. In addition, a non-flammable electrolyte is filled inside. The battery is often used in automotive and professional electronics, alarms, and surveillance systems. The only relative minus is the weight of 16.7 grams.
3 ROBITON PROFI CR123A
High-quality overheat protection
Country Russia
Average price: 120 rub.
Rating (2019): 4.7
The battery, according to the composition of its components, is lithium manganese dioxide. What is important is that such a lithium power source has good performance at high discharge currents. The nominal voltage reaches 3 V. At the same time, the capacitive value of 1500 mAh fully ensures the long life of photo and video equipment, as well as all equipment that operates from these devices. Over a long operating period, the capacitive resource of the battery is almost not consumed. The product does not require special maintenance, nor does it require special knowledge or skills for its installation.
Another positive aspect of a non-rechargeable battery is excellent protection against overheating. Therefore, owners of watches, LED lights, motion sensors, etc. have no concerns about the possibility of unpleasant incidents. Product size 123A. Among the advantages, reviews often mention uninterrupted operation in different temperature conditions, including cold. The device, in the amount of 1 unit, is sold in a cardboard blister.
2 VARTA PROFESSIONAL LITHIUM
Fast recharge
A country: Germany (manufactured in China)
Average price: 210 rub.
Rating (2019): 4.8
Varta lithium batteries are synonymous with long service life. They function 7 times longer compared to alkaline products. These devices are not afraid of negative temperatures and changes, they are not afraid of peak loads, which is why they deserve to be included in the rating. Experts recommend them for flashlights, energy-intensive devices, external weather sensors, etc.
Users in reviews call lithium batteries powerful and capacious. Many people especially like the high-speed reloading when used in flash. All current standard sizes can be found on sale - from finger and little finger to CR-P2, CR-V3, 9V, etc. Despite the fact that some people think the cost is too high, they continue to buy these products, being convinced of their effectiveness.
1 Energizer Ultimate Lithium
Wide presence on the global market
Country: USA
Average price: 190 rub.
Rating (2019): 4.9
1.5-volt lithium batteries of the Energizer brand are the leaders of the rating, according to user voting. Reviews confirm that they work several times longer than similar alkaline products. Key advantages are a large supply of capacity, increased use and storage life - up to 20 years.
What is important is that these power supplies will not fail even in sub-zero temperatures, as they have a sealed design with protection against leaks. Buyers emphasize that this is the optimal solution for cameras, walkie-talkies, tape recorders and other devices that are used outdoors. The standard range is represented by finger and pinky lithium batteries, as well as 9V.
The best rechargeable batteries
Reusable batteries, also called rechargeable batteries or simply batteries, are preferred for more powerful devices - gadgets, cameras, game controllers, remote controls, flashlights, electric shavers, video cameras, etc.
2 FENIX ARB-L14-800
The best protection system against full discharge
Country: China
Average price: 500 rub.
Rating (2019): 4.8
The lithium-ion battery-type power source operates reliably in both simple and complex electronic devices. With a finger-type size, its capacity is 800 mAh, over time this figure remains practically unchanged. A serious advantage of the battery is the guarantee of product durability from a Chinese manufacturer. This is confirmed by the calculated potential of recharge cycles, which is quantitatively 500.
The output operating voltage is 3.6 V. This is more than enough to service a wide range of equipment. The design of the element provides a special system of protection against a number of negative factors. The battery has three safety levels against complete discharge, overheating, and overcharging. Additionally, there are holes here that control the pressure, equalizing it if necessary. In general, the development is very reliable and economical. Weight 20 grams and dimensions 1.4x5.2 cm are quite optimal for a 14500 battery.
1 Panasonic Eneloop
Maximum number of recharge cycles
Country: Japan
Average price: 800 rub.
Rating (2019): 4.9
Japanese batteries from Panasonic are deservedly included in the line of the best. Nickel-metal hydride products allow a record number of recharges, namely 2100. Users respond positively to their use and confirm that rechargeable batteries of this brand correspond to the declared high capacity. Buyers also mention that even when the charge is low, the current does not sags.
Ready for use indoors and outdoors, regardless of weather conditions and temperature. Another competitive advantage - low self-discharge rate. Available in sizes AA and AAA.
Batteries are most often used as a power source in electronics and small appliances. Be it a portable device, a flashlight, a TV or air conditioner remote control - none of these devices today can be imagined without a battery. But, despite the variety of batteries, not everyone knows how long they can work, what they are and how long they can hold a charge.
Classification by material of manufacture
There are five types of batteries. They differ from each other in the material from which the electrolyte, cathode and anode are made - their active components. So, depending on this, batteries can be salt, lithium, silver, mercury and alkaline.
Salt batteries have a small charge. When marking these power supplies, the English letter R is used. This type of battery appeared in the 50s of the 20th century. They replaced manganese-zinc batteries. Today, the size of such batteries has not changed. Manufacturing technology has changed. The electrolyte in them is ammonium chloride. Electrodes are made of zinc and manganese oxide. They are the cheapest among batteries. But they have a short shelf life - only two years. And by the end of the shelf life, the capacity decreases by about forty percent. In addition, the capacity may drop to zero at low temperatures (photo 1).
Alkaline or alkaline batteries have the inscription Alkaline on the case. Marked with the letters LR. They have the best quality and a long service life. The electrodes in them are made of manganese dioxide and zinc. They have a large capacity, good tightness, and work even in the cold. Reduced likelihood of leakage and self-discharge rate. The shelf life can be 5 years (photo 2). 
Mercury batteries are filled with mercury oxide. Didn't get much use. But they have high density and energy capacity, and operate at both very high and low temperatures (photo 3). 
In lithium batteries (marked CR), the cathode is made of lithium. The advantages of such batteries: high density and energy capacity, low weight, energy intensity independent of load current, shelf life - twelve years. The battery is not sensitive to temperature changes (photo 4). 
In terms of price, the most expensive silver batteries (SR marking). The anode in them is made of zinc, and the cathode is made of silver oxide. These batteries are used in watches. They have a long shelf life and service life. They have high density and energy capacity (photo 5). 
Classification by size
The most common American battery classification system is shown in photo 6. 
In shape and size, batteries can be “finger” or “two A” (AA), little finger or “three A” (AAA), “four A” (AAAA), “inch” or C-battery (C), “barrel” " (D), "crown" (PP3).
Also note that batteries also differ in the type of chemical reactions. There are primary elements - galvanic ones, and there are secondary ones - batteries. Thus, galvanic cells cannot be charged. They are cheaper and have greater capacity. And the batteries are reusable. They can be charged. The number of discharge/charge cycles can reach 1000. But they are more expensive and have less capacity (photo 7). 
Batteries can be alkaline (RAM). Their service life is short (about 50 recharges), and they do not work at low temperatures. Lead-acid (SLA) - withstands 600 recharges. Lithium-ion (Li-Ion) - number of cycles 1000, service life up to ten years. Nickel metal hydride (NiMH) - can withstand 500 cycles, are expensive. Lithium polymer (Li-Pol) are short-lived and quite expensive. Photo 8 shows lithium-ion batteries. 
Instructions
Ask the seller about the possibility of recharging the selected battery. According to technical characteristics, the battery lasts longer, as it has the ability to recharge. The battery cannot be recharged, which should be confirmed by the message “Do not recharge”. It already carries a charge of electrofluid molecules and will generate electricity until it runs out.
Measure the voltage of your chosen element. For a battery, it will be lower than for a battery. The normal voltage value for a battery is 1.2 volts (V), at 1.6. This characteristic can also be found on the packaging of the selected device.
During operation, check the time during which the battery charge is maintained. The battery gradually drains over a longer period of time. It is very difficult to completely discharge a battery, due to the fact that devices powered by battery power stop functioning after the voltage in it drops to a level that is not enough to power it. If your remote control, or any other device, starts to work poorly, the screen dims, or it does not work at all, there is a high probability that the battery has insufficient voltage and needs to be changed.
Sources:
- Batteries GP 1100 mAh AAA pinky
A wireless computer mouse, remote control, flashlight - these are just a few household appliances that you should always have at hand at home. They are maintained in working condition by batteries and accumulators. If the latter are only suitable for one-time use, then the former can be extended life with the help of a charger and used for a long time. In order for the necessary household appliances to function without problems, it is important to know the difference between batteries and rechargeable batteries.
What is the difference between a battery and an accumulator
To distinguish a battery from an accumulator, pay attention to the labels on the battery. On a regular one with an alkaline or saline electrolyte, battery (“”), alkaline (translated as “alkaline”), do not recharge (“do not recharge”) are indicated.
The battery must have an energy capacity in milliamperes - mAh. This inscription is not indicated on batteries. In addition, the designation may be rechargeable (translated as “rechargeable”) or standardcharge (“standard charge”). The inscriptions Ni-Mh and Ni-Cd indicate that you have a nickel-metal hydride or nickel-cadmium battery in front of you.
If possible, check the operation of the battery in practice. A regular battery discharges quite quickly, but not completely. With a little trick you can extend the battery life for a while. To do this, just remember it with pliers or another hard object. The battery discharges gradually. The charge can be restored using a charger.
You can determine what is in front of you - a battery or an accumulator - by checking the voltage with a measuring device: or a voltmeter. The battery voltage is always lower than the battery. For the first, it is usually 1.2 volts, and for a regular battery, as a rule, it is 1.6 volts. This may also be indicated on the battery packaging.
A significant factor in a battery-powered battery is the price: the cost of the former will be much higher. Only lithium batteries, which are comparable in cost to Ni-MH batteries, violate this pattern. Such batteries can be identified by the inscription Lithium.
If you do not have the opportunity to check the properties of the power source or you doubt your assumptions, consult a sales consultant about this, he certainly should know what kind of product he is selling.
Which is better - a battery or a rechargeable battery?
It is impossible to clearly answer the question - a battery or an accumulator. Here, much will depend on the conditions in which the devices will be used, on the characteristics of the load they place on the batteries.
In this article we will tell you how the main types of batteries differ from each other. Which batteries are needed for a specific device according to its energy consumption. Characteristics that you need to pay attention to when purchasing in a store so as not to pay extra money.
Most often, round batteries are used as batteries in various devices.
Classification of batteries by size:
Folk International Letter
Mini finger or little finger R-03 AAA
- Finger R-6 AA
- Thumbelina R-14 C
- Barrel R-20 D
Main types of batteries:
1. Salt batteries:
Short shelf life up to 2 years;
- small capacity from 500-1000mAh;
- does not work well at low temperatures;
- leaks often;
- if not used for a long time, it loses charge up to 30% (self-discharge);
- cheap cost.
2. Alkaline batteries:
Capacity from 1000-3000mAh;
- shelf life of at least 5 years;
- no self-discharge;
- works well at low temperatures.
Differences between a salt and an alkaline battery:
The usual markings are written on salt batteries: R-03, R-6, R-14, R-20.
For alkaline ones it is written on the packaging:
ALKALINE or alkaline battery;
- the English letter “L” is added in the international classification - LR-03, LR-6, LR-14, LR-20.
A common drawback with salt and alkaline batteries is their one-time use. Once discharged, you will no longer be able to use them. They are designed for one discharge cycle. After which it is strictly prohibited, very dangerous and useless to try to recharge them. All you have to do is throw it away and buy new ones.
What types of rechargeable batteries are there?
3. Rechargeable batteries.
They differ from the first two types in that the capacity is written on them (1800,2100 mah, etc.). The English letter “H” is added in the international classification - HR-03, HR-6, HR-14, HR-20, and the packaging says Rechargeable.
Rechargeable batteries for household needs are:
Nickel-cadmium (NiCd);
- nickel metal hydride (NiMH);
- lithium-ion (Li-ion).
Important! Capable of charging and discharging about 1000 times or more.
Therefore, buying one rechargeable battery is equivalent to buying 1000 salt or alkaline batteries.
One of the requirements is that to use rechargeable batteries, you need to buy a charger.
What batteries should I buy?
It all depends on how much energy your appliance or device consumes.
If you don’t have enough (control panel, wall clock, etc.), then you can buy a salt battery. There is no point in paying more and buying expensive batteries.
If energy consumption is average (small toys, flashlights), then buy alkaline batteries.
If the device consumes a lot of energy, contains electric motors, speakers or powerful light bulbs (camera, player, large children's toys, especially cars), then you need to buy rechargeable batteries. And the greater the energy consumption of the device, the larger the capacity of the batteries needed.
To save money, Do-It-Yourself magazine recommends using rechargeable batteries.
Video. What batteries should I buy?
What is a battery? How does it work? What types of batteries are there? What shape and what size can they have? How are batteries labeled? What should you consider when choosing a battery? What principles should you follow and what should you pay attention to when choosing a battery?
Below we will try to understand these questions and answer each of them.
What are batteries and how do they work?
AA batteries wholesale are galvanic cells, each of which is an autonomous compact source of electric current.
Autonomous sources of direct electric current are divided into 2 types: primary - for one-time use, they cannot be recharged, and secondary - which can be recharged.
Batteries have been around for a long time. The official date of the first battery was 1867. It was created by French engineer Georges Leclanche
Eveready in the USA was the first to produce batteries for commercial purposes. However, the batteries produced under the Eveready Dry Cell brand were only vaguely similar to today's wholesale AA batteries. The first batch of then experimental batteries appeared on the market in 1898. These products were conceived as power supplies for radio receivers, but later became widespread in the automotive industry, mining, navy, and then also in aviation.
The Eveready monopoly ended in the 1920s, when another company appeared in the USA - Duracell, which began producing batteries in large quantities. At that time, batteries were already common in various portable electrical devices, the demand for them increased, and large wholesale batteries were purchased more and more often.
The main advantage of such products was their low cost.
Cons: low capacity, low reliability, short operating and storage time (9-12 months).
Over the course of more than 100 years of existence, conventional zinc-manganese batteries have undergone significant improvements and are now almost never used in their original form. They were replaced by more advanced, reliable and capacious products.
In addition to manganese-zinc, there are other types of batteries available today.
Battery types
Small wholesale batteries in Moscow are divided according to the materials used for the production of active battery components (cathode, anode and electrolyte).
The most common types of batteries:
. saline;
. alkaline;
. mercury;
. silver;
. lithium
All these types of batteries have certain features, their advantages and disadvantages.
Salt batteries
Advantages of salt-type batteries: low cost (of all batteries, salt batteries are the cheapest).
Their disadvantages: the difficulty of determining the species from verbal or symbolic information; significant voltage drop during discharge; the loss of capacity at the end of the guaranteed storage time ranges from 30 to 40 percent; At low temperatures, the capacity of a salt battery approaches zero.
A salt battery differs from other types of batteries in the inscription on the case: these can be the words Special Power, General Purpose, Long Life, Extra Power, Extra Heavy Duty, Heavy Duty, Super Heavy Duty and some others. But you don’t need to pay much attention to their meaning, since these words primarily serve as a marketing technique and do not in any way reflect the battery capacity and the duration of its operation.
Alkaline batteries
These batteries received their name from the type of electrolyte used in them. Alkaline battery electrodes are made of zinc dioxide and manganese, and the electrolyte is potassium hydroxide.
Alkaline batteries are now in high demand among developers of portable electrical devices and are used in most electronic devices, being the most common in the world.
The cost of alkaline batteries is slightly higher than salt batteries.
A distinctive feature of an alkaline battery is the inscription ALKALINE printed on the case.
Advantages of alkaline batteries: large capacity, ensuring long service life; high level of performance at low temperatures; good tightness (low risk of leakage); long shelf life (up to five years); low self-discharge rate (loss of capacity after a year of storage at room temperature - no more than 10%).
Cons: falling discharge curve; high cost and weight.
Mercury batteries
Such a battery is a galvanic cell, where the anode is zinc and the cathode is mercury oxide. The cathode and anode are separated by a diaphragm and a separator, impregnated with an electrolyte, which is a 40% alkali solution.
Separately, it is necessary to emphasize that the mercury-zinc cell is capable of operating on the principle of a battery, that is, it can be reversible. But in the case of cycling (charge-discharge), this element degrades and its capacity decreases.
Mercury batteries differ from alkaline batteries in having a more constant voltage, larger capacity, higher energy density and a higher price.
Advantages of mercury batteries: constant voltage, high energy density and energy capacity, resistance to low and high temperatures, long storage time.
Disadvantages of mercury batteries: high cost, toxicity of mercury if the seal is broken, difficulties with collection and safe disposal.
Silver batteries
In such batteries, zinc plays the role of the anode, and silver oxide plays the role of the cathode. The electrolyte in such batteries is alkali - sodium or potassium hydroxide.
Batteries that are created in accordance with the silver-zinc circuit have largely the same characteristics as mercury-type batteries. Like mercury batteries, they are distinguished by constant voltage, significant energy density, and can be stored for a long time, but they differ from mercury-zinc batteries in their higher capacity per unit mass, as well as non-toxicity.
The advantages of silver batteries: constant voltage, high energy density and capacity, thermal stability, long service life (40 percent longer than lithium batteries), long shelf life.
The downside of silver batteries is their high cost. The wholesale price for silver aa batteries can be very high.
Lithium batteries
These batteries have a constant voltage, the highest capacity per unit weight of all types of batteries and high energy density. A lithium battery contains a lithium cathode and an anode, which can be made of any material.
In addition to constant voltage and high energy density and energy capacity, the undoubted advantage of lithium batteries is that their capacity is independent of the load current. therefore, in the case of a high load current, such a battery can also last several times longer than an alkaline battery with the same capacity.
A distinctive feature of a lithium battery is the inscription LITHIUM on the case.
Lithium batteries are characterized by lightness, long storage time (up to 12 years), and thermal resistance.
The only drawback of lithium batteries is their high price.
Classification of batteries - shapes, sizes and other characteristics
Batteries are classified into several types based on size and shape.
Note. This table does not include miniature coin-cell batteries, which come in many sizes and shapes.
Specifications
The rules for labeling batteries are established by the International Electrical Commission (IEC) and are also used in Russia. Explanation of battery markings is given in the following table:
Miniature batteries also have certain markings that allow you to determine the parameters of a particular battery, but it must be taken into account that along with the generally accepted markings, manufacturers often use their own, which is why replacing a used battery sometimes becomes difficult.
Battery capacity and voltage
The voltage of aa batteries wholesale in Moscow, which it is capable of providing, can be quite different. This parameter is often associated with the type of battery itself. For example, ordinary salt pen-type batteries are capable of providing voltages of 1.2 V and 1.5 V, alkaline batteries - 1.5 V. Duracell lithium batteries wholesale in Moscow are made in standard sizes, often have a voltage of 3 V, but sometimes there are with a voltage of 1.5 V.
Square and crown batteries, regardless of their electrochemical system, produce voltages of 4.5 V and 9 V, respectively.
Coin-cell batteries can produce voltages of 1.2V, 1.5V and 3V.
The battery capacity determines the operating time of the device in which the battery is placed.
The service life of a Duracell battery wholesale is determined by the following factors:
. the actual level of its charge;
. mode of use;
. ambient temperature;
. cut-off current.
The concept of “cut-off current” refers to the current at which the device cannot operate even if the battery charge is maintained. For example, a battery that does not work at a certain point in a camera can often still work in a remote control or in a watch.
Self-discharge is the spontaneous loss of battery capacity during storage and use.
Self-discharge is caused by chemical reactions that occur inside the battery and continue regardless of whether the battery is in use or stored.
Self-discharge begins when the battery is released and continues until the end of its operation. When a battery is not used, during the nominal shelf life indicated on the case, it may lose from 10 to 30 percent of its original capacity.
The battery is discharged most severely when it begins to be stored.
Temperature fluctuations provoke self-discharge.
The purpose of various types of batteries and their areas of application
The batteries can be intended: for heavy loads (current 0.2 A), for medium loads (current 0.1 A) and for low loads (current 0.01 A). Most manufacturing companies indicate on the battery packaging the types of devices for which a particular battery is most suitable. If there is no indication of the device type, the information below can help you choose the right battery.
Salt-type batteries are completely unsuitable for devices that experience high loads (for example, digital cameras with flash), and are also poorly suited for devices that experience moderate loads (for example, CD players, flashlights, some toys).
They have a low capacity (from 600 to 800 mAh) and are intended for use in devices characterized by low energy consumption, for example, control panels, electronic thermometers, testers, electronic kitchen and floor scales, wall and table clocks. Salt batteries are not designed for high loads, therefore it is unacceptable to insert them into devices that contain electric motors (CD players and electronic toys), cameras and flashlights. In a flashlight or in a toy, such a battery will last for twenty to thirty minutes, in a camera - for 3-5 photographs with a flash.
Alkaline batteries can be installed in devices with low, medium and high loads. Such batteries can provide high efficiency everywhere.
They are characterized by a relatively large capacity level (from 1500 to 3200 mAh) and are optimal for use in devices with moderate and high levels of energy consumption: digital cameras with flash, flashlights, toys, CD players, computer mice, office phones. Alkaline batteries marked “photo” have a high capacity and are designed for cameras. Their cost is higher, but their service life is longer. Photo batteries release energy faster, which increases the speed of the device in which such a battery is installed.
In devices with low energy consumption, in particular control panels, such a battery will last for several years.
Mercury-type batteries are currently in limited use. In more than half of the countries in the world, their production and use are prohibited due to the toxicity of mercury and the difficulty of safely collecting and disposing of such products.
Silver batteries are not widely used now due to the high cost of silver. Only small-sized batteries, for the production of which little silver is used, are in wide demand - these are batteries for PC motherboards, wristwatches, hearing aids, microcalculators, laser pointers, microphones, musical cards and key fobs, that is, all devices in which it is impossible to use larger ones batteries.
In aviation, navy, and astronautics, before the advent of lithium batteries, silver-zinc batteries were indispensable.
Lithium batteries at high currents can last much longer than the best alkaline batteries, which is why lithium power supplies are used in most devices characterized by high levels of energy consumption. They are widely used in computer equipment, photographic equipment, toys and medical equipment. They are also often used in aviation, military industry, navy and astronautics, where they successfully replace silver and mercury batteries.
Completion
Batteries are small items that can sometimes pose a hazard.
To avoid the risk of harm to health, precautions should be taken: do not disassemble the battery and throw it into fire.
Also, you should not try to “recharge” the battery. Despite the fact that some sources sometimes contain recommendations from various “Kulibins” about “recharging” batteries, this should never be done. Firstly, it still won’t be possible to increase the life of the battery to any significant extent in this way. The battery is a primary element, therefore, unlike a battery, which is a secondary element, the reactions that take place in it are irreversible. In addition, during “recharging” it can simply explode. It is healthier and best to recycle your used battery.