Technical characteristics of VAZ engines. Engines of rear-wheel drive VAZs: Thirty-five years in service VAZ 2103 volume
Three and a half decades ago in Togliatti they began producing the Zhiguli, a car that determined the development of the Soviet (and then Russian) automobile industry for many years to come.
Engines of rear-wheel drive VAZs
Three and a half decades ago in Togliatti they began producing the Zhiguli, a car that determined the development of the Soviet (and then Russian) automobile industry for many years to come. It's no secret that the legendary “penny” is a modernized copy of the Fiat-124 of the 1966 model year. However, the Soviet subcompact had several significant differences from the Italian prototype, the most important of which was a different “heart”.
The bottom shaft was told no!
The Fiat engine had a classic design: a lower camshaft (in the cylinder block), a block and a head made of cast iron... Soviet designers considered it insufficiently modern and promising. Together with Italian specialists, it was significantly modernized - in particular, with the same working volume of 1198 cm3. the center-to-center distance between the cylinders was increased to 95 mm and the camshaft was moved to the cylinder head, which was cast from an aluminum alloy. In addition, the cylinder diameter increased from 73 to 76 mm, which, while reducing the piston stroke (from 71.5 to 66 mm), improved the engine response (according to the old GOST, the power was 64 hp and the torque was 85 Nm).
However, the 2101 engine (this index was assigned to both the power unit and the first-born VAZ as a whole in 1970) had significant drawbacks - for example, during operation it turned out that the service life of the upper camshaft is approximately half that of the engine, due to why this part has become a big deficit in the USSR. Although later this problem was solved by starting to make the camshaft using a different technology.
The basic 1.2 liter engine was installed not only on the “kopek”, but also on other Zhiguli models - “two”, “five” (the modification bore the index 21051), as well as the export version of the modernized “kopey” - VAZ-21013 . The veteran motor lasted on the assembly line until the end of the 80s.
In the mid-70s, the 21011 engine appeared, which was equipped not only with a car with the same index, but also with many others - the same “two”, “six”, “Niva”... The “eleventh” engine, in fact, was a modification of the power unit “kopecks” with cylinders bored out to a diameter of 79 mm (the piston stroke remained unchanged). The power increased to 69 hp. s., and torque - up to 93 Nm.
“High” block is a guarantee of prestige
When creating new Zhiguli models (at that time they were called “luxury”), designers sought not only to improve their appearance, but also to increase the power of their engines. First, the engine volume was increased to 1.5 liters, expanding the piston stroke of the “penny” to 80 mm using a “higher” cylinder block and a crankshaft with an increased crank radius (the cylinder diameter remained 76 mm). So in the early 70s, the long-lived motor 2103 (77 hp / 5600 rpm, 110 Nm / 3400 rpm) appeared, which was popular among VAZ fans due to its balanced characteristics. The “three” engine was installed not only on the VAZ-2103, but also on many other Zhiguli cars - on the “four” (21043), “five” (21053), “six” (21061), “seven” (2107)…
The combination of “large” cylinders with a “high” block (79x80 mm) made it possible to obtain a 1.6-liter 2106 engine with a power of 80 hp in the mid-70s. With. It turned out to fit the most prestigious and expensive Tolyatti “classic” at that time - VAZ-2106. However, not only the Shaha was equipped with a “sixth” engine, but also other models of the classic family - naturally, the most expensive and prestigious (for example, the VAZ-21074 is considered by many to be the best VAZ model, combining a powerful “sixth” engine with modern “seventh” body).
In the early 80s, the “eleventh” engine was once again modernized, replacing the double-row timing chain with a belt drive. This step made it possible to make the power unit quieter and more compact, but required the use of a new block and head, as well as pistons, in which recesses for the valves appeared (so that in the event of a belt break, the engine parts would not “meet”). The most progressive “five” engine in the family was not installed for long - and only on the “four”, the “five” itself and the “seven” (modification 21072). But conservative buyers preferred more powerful and reliable units with a chain.
Over time, engines 2103 and 2106 supplanted their low-power counterparts - the current Zhiguli cars are equipped with precisely these engines, created in the early 70s of the last century...
On the limit
In 1993, the pinnacle of motor “classics” was the new engine - the VAZ-21213, in which a new crankshaft with an increased number of counterweights (the crank radius remained the same - 40 mm) was combined with cylinders bored to 82 mm. The working volume of this engine increased to 1.7 liters. Changes were also made to other details: the cylinder head was improved, the combustion chamber was changed and new pistons were used. The engine has become more powerful (76 hp) and, importantly, “torque” (125 Nm). It is not surprising that a unit with such characteristics began to be used on the Niva, for which every additional newton-meter was useful.
In the mid-90s, this engine had an even more “voluminous” brother - the VAZ-2130, which added “one hundred grams” (1.8 liters) by increasing the piston stroke (by 4 mm). The engine became more powerful (81.6 hp, carb.) and more torque (134 Nm), which made it possible to use it on the heaviest VAZs - the extended five-door Niva, called Kedr, and the Nadezhda minivan. By the way, tuning enthusiasts also favor a “lucky” engine - fortunately, the “thirtieth” is already found in car shops.
Injection of vigor
In the 90s, the 1.5-liter veteran engine “tried on” a more progressive power system: first, with an eye to export, it was equipped with a single injection (VAZ-21073 and -21044), then, based on the VAZ-21213 engine, the “214- y" with distributed injection, which, with the same working volume (1.7 l), turned out to be not only more powerful (81 hp) and more torque (129.5 Nm), but also complied with stricter European toxicity standards.
Last year, mass production of another one and a half liter “injector” for the “Seven” began. Like the Niva engine, it is equipped with distributed injection, a gasoline vapor recovery system and a catalyst and complies with Euro 2 requirements.
Among the advantages of injection engines are higher power and torque (not always), as well as more stable operation. A 1.7-liter injection modification of the “classic” engine has found its place under the hood of the Chevrolet-Niva, a Russian-American joint venture GM-AvtoVAZ.
Very often, the performance of a particular “classic” engine depends on the quality of the distributor, carburetor settings and ignition system, while for injection this does not matter at all. However, you have to pay for everything: a more modern power system requires qualified diagnostics and high-quality maintenance - it is unlikely that it will be possible to “revive” it with a pair of wrenches and a conventional pump. On the other hand, the “fourth” engine is the only one currently produced that complies with Euro 2 standards, which, in principle, is unrealistic for a carburetor.
Yesterday Today Tomorrow?
It is obvious that the time-tested “classic” engines are not going to be retired yet. They continue to be improved by introducing more and more generations of injection systems and electronics. Carburetors will soon disappear forever from the AvtoVAZ assembly line.
| Diesel from Tolyatti | |
|
|
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Oleg Polazhinets
Photo by Andrey Yatsulyak
The VAZ 2103 engine is a classic power unit, part of the line of engines developed and manufactured by AvtoVAZ OJSC.
To summarize, we can say that all of this family (2101 - 2130) are developed on the basis of a deeply modernized FIAT-124 engine. The changes carried out by domestic designers concerned the upper camshaft and the center-to-center distances of the cylinders.
It was these changes that made it possible to modernize the engines more than once in the future, without stopping their mass production. The 2103 engine differs from the other power units of this model range (except for “”) in that the timing shaft is driven by a steel chain.
Specifications
| PARAMETER | MEANING |
|---|---|
| Cylinder volume (working), cm3 | 1452 |
| Maximum power, l. With. (at 5600 rpm) | 71.4 |
| Maximum torque, N.m (at 3400 rpm) | 104 |
| Number of cylinders | 4 |
| Number of valves per cylinder | 2 |
| Total number of valves | 8 |
| Cylinder diameter, mm | 76 |
| Piston stroke, mm | 80 |
| Fuel supply | Carburetor or injector |
| Compression ratio | 8.5 |
| Type of fuel | AI-92 |
| Fuel consumption, l./100 km (city/highway/mixed mode) | 9,4/6,9/8,9 |
| Lubrication system | Combined (pressure + spray) |
| Oil used | 5W-30, 5W-40, 10w-40, 15W-40 |
| Oil volume in the crankcase, l | 3.75 |
| Cooling system | Liquid, closed type, forced circulation |
| Overall dimensions, mm | 565x541x665 |
| Weight, kg | 120.7 |
| Motor resource, thousand hours. (factory/practice) | 125/200 |
The power unit was installed on VAZ cars: 21023, 2103, 21043, 21053, 21061, 2121.
Description
The VAZ 2103 engine is manufactured using a “high” cylinder block (215.9 mm instead of 207.1 mm), which made it possible to increase its working volume to 1.5 liters and install a crankshaft with an increased piston stroke.
The unit is a classic version of an engine with an overhead gas distribution mechanism.
The camshaft is driven by a chain drive, and there is no chain tensioner. Therefore, chain tension must be checked and adjusted regularly. In addition, the valve clearances also need to be adjusted, since the gas distribution mechanism does not have hydraulic compensators.
- The cylinder block is made of cast iron, and its head is cast from an aluminum alloy. The camshaft is made of steel and differs from other models by the presence of one untreated journal, which is shaped like a hexagon.
- The carburetor, which is installed on the VAZ 2103 engine, is equipped with a distributor with a vacuum ignition timing regulator. After the advent of injection power units, a modified cylinder head with a corresponding gas distribution mechanism began to be installed on the engine.
- To operate the water pump (pump), a drive with a V-belt with a cross-section of 10x8 mm is used.
- Oil is supplied from the crankcase to the internal channels of the cylinder block and to the friction pairs using an oil pump located in the crankcase of the power unit.
- The 2103 engine was equipped with both a classic and non-contact ignition system.
Maintenance
The VAZ 2103 engine has a high degree of unification at the level of parts and assembly units, and therefore its repair associated with the replacement of components does not cause any difficulties.
Like all VAZ power units of that time, VAZ 2103 engines require quite complex and labor-intensive maintenance. When carrying out routine maintenance it is necessary:
- Every 10-15 thousand kilometers, check and, if necessary, adjust: tension of the timing chain; valve clearances in the cylinder head;
- Clean and adjust the carburetor regularly.
- Change the engine oil after every 10,000 km.
- Check the engine regularly for coolant and engine oil leaks.
According to numerous owners of cars with VAZ 2103 engines, this power unit is one of the most unpretentious and reliable among all engines of the classic engine family.
The only condition is careful regular maintenance and operation in the modes recommended in the vehicle’s operating manual. If this requirement is met, the service life of the 2103 engine can reach 300 thousand km.
Malfunctions
Engine 2103 is characterized by the same malfunctions as other classic VAZ engines. The most common:
| FAULTS | CAUSES | REMEDY METHODS |
|---|---|---|
| The engine cannot be started. | 1. Fuel does not enter the carburetor. 2. Severe contamination of the fuel filter. 3. The fuel pump is broken. 4. When starting the engine, the carburetor solenoid valve does not open. | Rinse and/or blow out the fuel lines and fuel filter. Replace the fuel filter. Clean or replace the fuel pump. Check the integrity of the electrical wiring. |
| The engine “stalls” at idle or its speed “floats”. | 1. Idle speed adjustment is broken. 2. Carburetor is broken. 3. The gaps between the levers and the camshaft cams are broken. | Adjust the idle speed. Clean the carburetor channels and jets. Replace the carburetor starter diaphragm. Adjust the gaps between the parts of the gas distribution mechanism. |
| Increased engine oil consumption. | 1. Oil leaks through the seals. 2. Worn piston rings or cylinders. 3. Valve seals are worn or damaged. | Check and, if necessary, replace gaskets and seals. Replace rings and/or pistons. Bore the cylinders. Replace oil seals. |
There are also other malfunctions when operating VAZ 2103 engines. In general, it is better to diagnose engine malfunctions in a specialized service station.
Tuning
You can add power to the 2103 motor in various ways:
The easiest way is to bore the cylinders to a diameter of 79 mm. This will increase their total volume to 1.6 liters. Installing pistons with a diameter of 79 mm allows you to increase power to 75 hp. With. In this case, the torque will be 115 Nm at 3,000 rpm.
- A further increase in power can be achieved by increasing the piston stroke to 84 mm. For this, TRT pistons and a crankshaft from the VAZ 2130 are used. This crankshaft is usually used in cases where they want to increase power and torque at low and medium speeds. At the same time, the engine power will increase to 80-85 hp. With.
- There is a more complex tuning option, in which: the channels of the cylinder head and intake manifold are bored and polished; select the appropriate camshaft. Correctly selected parts can increase engine power up to 100 hp. With.
- Installing a 0.5 bar compressor together with a modified cylinder head makes it possible to increase the power of the power plant to 125 hp. With.
- More expensive ways to increase the power of the 2103 engine are also possible, but the price of components and payment for work associated with modifying parts, assembling the engine and adjusting it may exceed the cost of both the engine and the car as a whole.
Technical characteristics of VAZ engines and methods of tuning them to increase power. Everything is described in simple language. Practical advice is collected here. I found this information in the bins. Let him lie here.
1. Engine 2101.
This is the first Zhiguli engine borrowed from FIAT-124. It was originally installed on the “kopek” and is the progenitor of all VAZ engines.
Technical characteristics of the VAZ 2101 engine:
Working volume: 1197 cm3.
Cylinder diameter: 76mm
Piston stroke: 66 mm.
Power: 59 horsepower
Installed on: VAZ-2101, 21013, 21035.
2. Engine 21011.
Engine of the "eleventh" model of Zhiguli. It differs from 2101 in increased volume and, accordingly, cylinders of larger diameter.
Technical characteristics of the VAZ 21011 engine:
Working volume: 1294 cm3.
Cylinder diameter: 77 mm
Piston stroke: 66 mm.
Power: 64 horsepower
Installed on: VAZ-21011, 21021, 21033, 21063.
Its variety is the 2105 engine, the main difference of which is the belt drive of the gas distribution mechanism. Installed on VAZ-2105, 21072. Power 64 hp.
3. Engine 2103.
Technical characteristics of the VAZ 2103 engine:
Working volume: 1452 cm3.
Cylinder diameter: 76mm
Piston stroke: 80 mm.
Power: 71 horsepower.
Compression ratio: 8.5
Installed on models: VAZ-2103, 21043, 21053, 21061 and 2107.
4. Engine 2106.
It differs from the “three” engine by having a cylinder diameter increased by three millimeters, greater volume and power.
Technical characteristics of the VAZ 2106 engine:
Working volume: 1569 cm3.
Cylinder diameter: 79 mm
Piston stroke: 80 mm.
Power: 75 horsepower.
Compression ratio: 8.5
Maximum torque at 3400 rpm: 104 Hm
Gasoline octane number not less than: 91-93
Installed on: VAZ-2106, 21074 and 2121 Niva.
5. Engine 21213.
It differs from the “six” in having an even larger cylinder diameter.
Technical characteristics of the VAZ 21213 engine:
Working volume: 1690 cm3.
Cylinder diameter: 82 mm
Piston stroke: 80 mm.
Power: 80 horsepower.
Compression ratio: 9.3
Maximum torque at 3400 rpm: 127 Hm
Installed on: VAZ-21213 and 21214 "Niva".
It differs from other engines in the design of the cylinder head, carburetor and electronic ignition system. This engine has many modifications. Up to the modification 21128i with an injector, brought to a volume of 1.8 liters and a power of 105 horsepower. But this modification is not a serial VAZ engine.
6. Engine 2130.
Compared to the 21213 engine, the height of the cylinder block and, accordingly, the piston stroke are increased due to the use of a different crankshaft.
Technical characteristics of the VAZ 2130 engine:
Working volume: 1790 cm3.
Cylinder diameter: 82 mm
Piston stroke: 84 mm.
Power: 82 horsepower.
Compression ratio: 9.3
Maximum torque at 3400 rpm: 135 Hm
Gasoline octane number not less than: 91-93
Installed on: VAZ-2121, 21213, 21214, 2131 Niva; 2120 "Nadezhda" and their modifications.
In addition to the epilogue: How to bleed a VAZ engine.
1. If you take a “penny” engine with a volume of 1197 cc. cm., then first of all, its volume can be increased by boring the cylinders to 79 millimeters. With this cylinder size, it becomes possible to install pistons from 21011. We get a volume of 1294 cubic meters. cm.
If you use engine block 21011 as a test subject, then the cylinders can be safely sharpened to 82 mm, the piston stroke can be increased (as described above) and a volume of 1690 cc can be obtained. cm.
2. If you tune a “three” or “six” engine, then in this case the cylinders are better bored by 3 millimeters, to a diameter of 82 millimeters. Without replacing the pistons, install a crankshaft with a stroke of 84 mm and get a volume of about 1774 cubic meters. cm.
Good luck with your tuning.
And finally, video: VAZ 2101 engine - design, assembly...
14.04.2017
For the rear-wheel drive sedan VAZ-2103 (LADA 1500) or simply “troika”, the domestic manufacturer initially provided a new engine 2103 with a displacement of 1.5 liters, built on the basis of 2101. This model also used proven engines from a “kopeck” to 1 .2 liters and from VAZ-21011 by 1.3 liters. VAZ 2106 engines were produced in small quantities for the third Zhiguli model.
Engine VAZ 2103
The 1.5-liter four-cylinder in-line carburetor power unit of the VAZ 2103 received an overhead camshaft, a timing chain drive and a high engine block, which allows the installation of a crankshaft with an extended piston stroke.
Zhiguli engines often suffer from camshaft wear or the lack of a tensioner in the drive chain, which needs to be tightened every 10 thousand kilometers. If a loud knocking noise occurs in the engine, you will have to adjust the valve clearances to avoid a drop in power, increased fuel consumption, valve burnout, and other things.
Also among the disadvantages of the engine for the “troika” is the need for constant adjustment and cleaning of CO. If the engine overheats, pay attention to the pump.
If tripping occurs, you need to change the compression.
Engine tuning is possible in a wide range: from boring to compressor and turbines.
Among motorists, the VAZ-2103 engine is in good standing, compared to other units in the line. The long service life is due to the availability of spare parts and their low cost. With careful treatment of the engine and timely maintenance, the VAZ-2103 will travel not 125 thousand kilometers declared by the manufacturer, but all 180-200 thousand kilometers.
Engine VAZ 2106
The 1.6-liter VAZ 2106 engine became a continuation of the VAZ 2103 and, as a consequence, 2101. The main differences from its counterparts are in the piston with a diameter increased to 79 mm, while the engine block remained unchanged.
There is also an injection unit 21067, which differs in its covered cylinder head from the Niva-21214 injection engine. Practice has shown that the “six” carburetor is more stable than the injector.
In general, the VAZ 2106 in-line engine has 4 cylinders, an overhead camshaft and a chain drive. Despite the possible service life of up to 180-200 thousand kilometers, among motorists the VAZ-2106 is considered less reliable than the “three ruble”. For the smooth functioning of the six engine in winter, it has to be heated for at least five minutes at 1500-2000 rpm.
The disadvantages of the VAZ-2106 include increased requirements for oil, which can affect the increase in cylinder diameter. It often happens that oil consumption is a liter or more per thousand kilometers, which requires replacing rings, valves, or other things.
Also among the disadvantages of the “six” are increased wear on the camshaft, engine detonation, and engine knocking due to defects in the piston pins or connecting rod bearings. If the carburetor engine operates unstable, pay attention to the jets. An engine that stalls at idle requires adjusting the air damper.
When the engine heats up or boils, you need to check the thermostat, radiator and the presence of air in the cooler.
Trouble in the 2106 engine is caused by incorrectly adjusted valves, valve burnout, worn-out cylinder head gasket and low-octane gasoline.
Engine vibration is affected by worn-out cushions 2106, as well as an imbalance of the crankshaft and cardan.
You can add power to the VAZ-2106 by boring the engine by 33 mm under the piston by 82 mm; you cannot bore any more, since the walls of the block become thinner.
Engine VAZ 21011
The 1.3-liter VAZ 21011 power unit is an improved version of the “penny” engine. The main difference is the increase in piston diameter to 79 mm, which made it possible to add volume and successfully combine a short piston stroke and a good cylinder diameter, guaranteeing the unit high speeds, modest fuel consumption and confidence on the road.
All the disadvantages of the 21011 are identical to the disadvantages of the 2101 engine.
Engine VAZ 2101
The 1.2-liter VAZ 2101 power unit became the basis for the entire VAZ family. Unlike their prototype - the FIAT 124 engine, domestic engineers increased the center-to-center distance, which later allowed them to “play” with the engine displacement, which varied from 1.2 liters to 1.8 liters.
VAZ 2101 is an in-line carburetor unit with 4 cylinders, an overhead camshaft and a timing chain drive. Engines 1970-74 the releases turned out to be more reliable, since their production was controlled by FIAT specialists.
The disadvantages of the VAZ-2101 include increased wear of the camshaft and the need to constantly adjust valve clearances. Oil consumption on a “penny” reaches 0.7 liters per 1000 km.
Due to defects in the thermostat, the engine often overheats. Overheating of the 2101 motor is also indicated by fan failure, pump failure, or low-quality fuel.
The smokiness of the VAZ 2101 is caused by burnout of piston rings, wear of valve seals, processing of guide bushings, etc., which will force you to hand over the car for engine overhaul. As experienced owners of cars with a VAZ 2101 engine note, the shortcomings of the unit can be listed and repaired endlessly.
|
Engines |
||||
|
Production |
||||
|
Engine make |
||||
|
Years of manufacture |
1972-present |
1976-present |
||
|
Cylinder block material |
||||
|
Supply system |
Carburetor/injector |
Carburetor/injector |
Carburetor |
Carburetor |
|
Number of cylinders |
||||
|
Valves per cylinder |
||||
|
Piston stroke, mm |
||||
|
Cylinder diameter, mm |
||||
|
Compression ratio |
||||
|
Engine capacity, cc |
||||
|
Engine power, hp/rpm |
||||
|
Torque, Nm/rpm |
||||
|
Engine weight, kg |
||||
|
Fuel consumption, l/100 km (for Celica GT) |
||||
|
Oil consumption, g/1000 km |
||||
|
Engine oil |
5W-30 |
5W-30 |
5W-30 |
5W-30 |
|
How much oil is in the engine |
||||
|
Engine life, thousand km |
||||
|
Tuning |
||||
|
The engine was installed |
VAZ 21023 |
VAZ 2106 |
VAZ 21011 |
VAZ 2101 |
Select it and press Ctrl + Enter
The demand for Datsun cars is constantly decreasing. All this happens because all models have an outdated design and primitive body design.
But recently it became known that the upgraded Datsun GO and GO+ will go on sale in October.
Compact vans went on sale 5 years ago. And therefore, both models received a new transmission - the X-tronic CVT. The automatic transmission itself is far from new; it is also installed on the Nissan Juke.
As an engine, only a single naturally aspirated engine with a volume of 1.2 liters and a power of 68 hp is available to buyers.
The GO+ version differs from the regular GO only in the number of seats. There are seven of them in GO+, but only five in GO.
The equipment of the updated models has been slightly expanded. Now the top-end configuration has: a stability control system, an additional Airbag, a multimedia system that can connect to smartphones.
The price for the updated cars has not been disclosed. Let us remind you that you can purchase a Datsun Go on the Indian market at a price starting from 332,078 rupees (299,000 rubles). And the Datsun Go+ will cost at least 386,588 rupees (349,000 rubles).
Many drivers, even with extensive driving experience, have encountered a situation where the air leaves a tubeless wheel, but there are no visible punctures or cuts on it.
Even a professional tire service worker cannot detect them. What could be the reason for such depressurization of the wheel, and what could be the way out of this situation?
Most modern car models are equipped with tubeless tires. Their peculiarity is that they allow you to maintain the existing pressure in the tires with minor damage for some time. This is the reason that this type of rubber is considered the safest, since rubber with a camera can burst when driving at high speed.
Methods for detecting a puncture. Most often, tire deflation occurs due to a puncture or side cut. However, it often happens that the driver cannot detect the location of the damage that caused such depressurization. To do this, he has to go to a tire shop. Even if this happened while traveling in a countryside area, the best option would be to replace the damaged wheel and have it diagnosed at a tire shop.
The tire service worker in this case acts as follows. First, he increases the pressure in the wheel by 1-1.5 atmospheres above normal, and tries to hear by ear where the air leak occurs. If there is no result, the most likely thing is that he will moisten the suspected location of the leak with soap and water and look for it in this way.
If this does not help, there are two options. The first is to submerge the wheel completely in water, and look for escaping air bubbles at the leak site. If the cause is a sharp object caught in the wheel, then you will have to disassemble the wheel and run a rag along its inner surface, which will definitely catch on it.
No damage to the rubber. If the technician was unable to detect the damaged section of the rubber, then there are only two reasons why the tire might go flat - damage to the disc or damage to the nipple. In the first of them, the tire cannot fit tightly enough to the disk due to its deformation. This may be the result of hitting an uneven road at high speed or falling into a deep hole. If it is still in a condition suitable for repair, rolling it on a special device to restore its original shape can correct the situation.
The cost of this action will depend on the shape of the disk, as well as its type - cast or stamped.
If the problem is in the spool, then it is easier to replace it due to its cheapness.
Foreign objects. Another reason for a loose fit of the rim and, accordingly, the possibility of air escaping, is sand or rust getting between it and the rubber. Although in this case the air does not come out of them as quickly as in the case of a puncture or cut. To fix it, remove the wheel, clean the rim well, and then lubricate the joint with a special silicone-based lubricant. If there are no other reasons, the leak will stop.
The last point may be low air temperature, at which air loss from car rubber is also possible. When moving, the situation is the opposite - as a result of heating the rubber, the pressure increases.
Bottom line. Proper monitoring of the condition of tubeless tires will help ensure safety and increase its service life. In addition, you should also pay attention to compliance with the air pressure levels in the tires.
Many myths regarding cars and their manufacturers are popular among motorists. For example, some drivers warm up their vehicles even in the summer; they believe that police cars are much better equipped than those of ordinary citizens, and that large cars are more reliable than small ones. In fact, most of these myths are not confirmed, but there are also those that have been verified by science.
Electric cars do not pollute the environment. It is generally accepted that about 80% of cars, including electric cars and hybrid models, are recyclable and do not harm the environment. In fact, no manufacturer has yet been able to experimentally confirm the benefits of electric vehicles.
When the agreement was signed between the USSR and the Fiat plant, it was agreed that the Italians would present documentation and technical designs for two cars. The number one car was the legendary “kopek”. At a time when the first car was already on the assembly line, negotiations were held between Fiat and representatives of the Volzhsky Automobile Plant regarding car No. 2.
As such a car, Italian designers proposed creating a car that was fundamentally different from the VAZ 2101 both in characteristics and in external data. The prototype was supposed to be a Fiat 125.
At first, this proposal was approved by the Soviet side. But when the technical data and design of the car were thoroughly studied, the case was given a “red light”. The fact is that car No. 2 was very different from car No. 1 (Fiat 124). To put such a machine into production, it was necessary to organize the production of new parts, which was extremely problematic, because The plant's capacity did not allow this to be done. As a result, the Soviet side decided to produce a car similar in appearance to the Fiat 125, and in design features to the VAZ 2101. So in 1972, the VAZ 2103 or, as it was called, the “troika”, appeared on the assembly line of the automobile plant in Tolyatti.
VAZ 2103 became the most dynamic car of those years produced in the USSR. It was equipped with a 72-horsepower gasoline engine, which accelerated the car to 100 km/h in 17 seconds. This indicator made it possible to compare the technical characteristics of the VAZ 2103 with the characteristics of foreign cars of those years in this class.
There were also differences in the interior decoration. The dashboard now had a clock and Fiat's sports car heritage - a tachometer. The distance above the driver's head was increased by 1.5 cm. A thick fabric carpet appeared on the floor, which improved not only the appearance, but also the sound insulation of the car. Plastic linings have appeared in the cabin, thanks to which there is almost no “bare” metal left.
The VAZ 2103 was produced in various configurations until 1983. In just 12 years, about 1.3 million cars were produced. For quite a long time, the Troika was considered the most reliable, comfortable, stylish and dynamic AvtoVAZ model.
Technical data VAZ 2103
| Engine | 1.2l, 8-cl. | 1.3l, 8-cl. | 1.5l, 8-cl. |
|---|---|---|---|
| Length, mm | 4116 | 4116 | 4116 |
| Width, mm | 1611 | 1611 | 1611 |
| Height, mm | 1440 | 1440 | 1440 |
| Wheelbase, mm | 2424 | 2424 | 2424 |
| Front track, mm | 1365 | 1365 | 1365 |
| Rear track, mm | 1321 | 1321 | 1321 |
| Ground clearance, mm | 170 | 170 | 170 |
| Maximum trunk volume, l | 400 | 400 | 400 |
| Body type/number of doors | Sedan/4 | ||
| Engine location | Front, longitudinal | ||
| Engine capacity, cm 3 | 1198 | 1295 | 1458 |
| Cylinder type | Row | ||
| Number of cylinders | 4 | 4 | 4 |
| Piston stroke, mm | 66 | 66 | 80 |
| Cylinder diameter, mm | 76 | 79 | 76 |
| Compression ratio | 8,5 | 8,5 | 8,5 |
| Number of valves per cylinder | 2 | 2 | 2 |
| Supply system | Carburetor | ||
| Power, hp/rev. min. | 64/5600 | 70/5600 | 72.5/5600 |
| Torque | 85/3400 | 93/3400 | 104/3400 |
| Fuel type | AI-80 | AI-92 | AI-92 |
| Drive unit | Rear | Rear | Rear |
| Gearbox type / number of gears | Manual/4 | Manual/4 | Manual/4 |
| Gear ratio of the main pair | 4,11 | 4,1 | 4,1 |
| Front suspension type | Double wishbone | ||
| Rear suspension type | Helical spring | ||
| Steering type | Worm gear | ||
| Turning diameter, m | 9,9 | 9,9 | 9,9 |
| Fuel tank volume, l | 39 | 39 | 39 |
| Maximum speed, km/h | 140 | 143 | 150 |
| Vehicle curb weight, kg | 965 | 965 | 965 |
| Permissible total weight, kg | 1430 | 1430 | 1430 |
| Tires | 175/70 R13 | 175/70 R13 | 175/70 R13 |
| Acceleration time (0-100 km/h), s | 23 | 21 | 19 |
| Fuel consumption in the extra-urban cycle, l | 8,2 | 8,3 | 8,4 |