Disc parameters, markings. What is wheel bolt pattern and how to measure it What has VAZ changed

One of the main parameters of wheel rims is the number of mounting holes and their location relative to the wheel axis. The English term PCD, in domestic auto slang called a bolt pattern, contains information about the number of studs or bolts, as well as the diameter of the circle in which their centers are inscribed.

For example, a typical size for VAZ cars will be designated as PCD 4 X 98 .

5 main wheel sizes

The most popular bolt patterns:

• 4×100;
• 4×108;
• 5×100;
• 5×108;
• 5x112.

Although it is difficult to judge the actual prevalence of specific sizes, there are many others used on fairly well-known mass-produced cars.

Naturally, the disc parameters are not limited by the size of the bolt pattern.

There are others, no less important:

• diameter of the central hole;
• width;
• disc edge parameters and much more.

How to measure the bolt pattern of a disc yourself

In fact, the need for measuring procedures rarely arises. The required parameter can be easily found out from the characteristics of a particular machine, and for any disk it is indicated on the product labeling.

But the designation of a used part may have been destroyed, so you will have to determine the bolt pattern using a ruler.

Measurements should be made with the greatest possible accuracy. It is very difficult, for example, to distinguish a 4x98 disk from a 4x100 one. It often happens that VAZ cars are driven with enlarged PCD rims, which is wrong and very dangerous.

Even if the wheel is centered more or less normally and does not bounce while driving, the lack of complete contact between the chamfers of the fastening bolts and the disk sockets causes high stress in the metal, wear of the holes, fatigue in the wheel bolts and a high probability of losing the wheel while driving.

There are two measurement methods - for an even number of studs and universal.

If the number is even, it is enough to mark the centers of the holes with the greatest possible accuracy and determine the distance between these centers for diametrically opposite bolts.

You will have to use a caliper; a regular ruler will give too much error. For example, on a disk you need to take the size between the edges of the holes, one from the inside, the other from the outside. Since the diameters of the bolt sockets are made with high precision, this will be the desired PCD.

Calculation formula and compatibility tables

At odd number holes cannot be done with just one measurement. In this case, you need to measure the distance between the axes of two adjacent bolts, and then apply simple formulas for calculations.

Let's say the distance is equal to some number X. Then, depending on the number of bolts from 3 to 5, the following formulas are used:

• 3 bolts. PCD=1.155*X
• 4 bolts. PCD=1.414*X
• 5 bolts. PCD=1.701*X

The formulas are obtained as a result of simple geometric manipulations; everyone can personally check and obtain more accurate coefficients.

As approximate reference information, you can use the table of compatibility of car models based on the same PCD.

As mentioned above, this cannot in any way mean complete interchangeability of disks, since all their other parameters rarely coincide.

Disc size according to PCD	The most common cars where it is used
4×98	Alfa Romeo 33, 155, 164, FIAT 124, 126, Brava, Cinquecento, Croma, Multipla, Palio, Panda, Punto, Seicento, Tempra, Tipo, Uno, Lancia Delta, Lada
4×100	Old models Audi, Mini, BMW 3, Daewoo Espero, Lanos, Nexia, Daihatsu Charade, Cuore, Grand Move, Honda CRX, Civic, Accord, Integra, Jazz, Kia Spectra / Sephia, Mazda 121, 323, MX5, Mitsubishi Carisma, Colt, Lancer, Nissan Micra, Sunny, Opel Ascona, Astra, Calibra, Corsa, Kadett, Vectra, Zafira, Renault Clio, Espace, Kangoo, Megane, Twingo, Seat Ibiza, Toledo, Skoda Felicia, Suzuki Baleno, Toyota Corolla, Yaris , Volkswagen Golf, Jetta, Passat, Polo, Volvo 440
4×108	Audi 80, 100, Citroen BX, ZX, Berlingo, Visa, Xantia, Xsara, Ford Escort, Fiesta, Ka, Mondeo, Peugeot 106, 205, 206, 306, 307, 405, 406, Partner, Saab 900, 9000, Volvo 850
4×114.3	Daewoo Matiz, Honda Civic VTEC, Accord, Prelude, Hyundai Accent, Sonata, Mitsubishi Carisma, Colt, Galant, Lancer, Space Wagon, Nissan Almera, Primera, Suzuki Alto, Swift, Volvo S40, V40
5×100	Audi A3, TT, Skoda Octavia, Subaru Forester, Impreza, Legacy, Outback, Toyota Avensis, Carina, Celica, Volkswagen New Beetle
5×108	Citroen XM, Jumper, Ferrari, Ford Focus, Mondeo, Volvo 740, 760, 780
5×112	Audi 100 CS, Quattro, Audi A4, S2, S4, A6, A8, Ford Galaxy, Mercedes Benz 280SL, 600SL, SLK, A, Vito, Volkswagen T1, T4
5×114.3	American cars, Daihatsu Terios, Honda Odysee, CRV, Lexus, old Mazda models, Toyota RAV4
5×115	American cars
5×120	Range Rover, Rolls Royce
5×139.7	Lada 4×4, Chevrolet Niva, UAZ

It should be borne in mind that the wheels that were equipped with the cars could differ greatly depending on the specific modification of the model and the equipment ordered.

1. What needs to be done?

Choose the right wheels for your existing car, simultaneously understanding all the necessary parameters.

2. What disk parameters need to be taken into account when purchasing?

Regardless of what kind of car you have, when choosing new wheels you need to consider the following parameters:

• disk type;
• mounting (or landing) diameter;
• number and diameter of mounting holes (PCD);
• disk width;
• disc ejection (ET);
• diameter of the central (hub) hole;
• shape of mounting holes;
• presence of humps.

Let’s make a reservation right away: if at this point you have lost the desire to deal with all these parameters, when choosing wheels, just use the car selection service in large online stores. There you can simply indicate the model of your car and get wheels that are guaranteed to suit it in all respects. Well, if the determination to find out everything is still with you, then let's get started.

3. Disk type - what are they?

Based on the type of manufacturing, all discs are generally divided into three types: stamped, cast and forged. The question of choosing a specific type is a topic for a separate article, but here we will present the main differences.

Stamped discs– the cheapest: these are the same wheels that you see on the basic trim levels of budget cars, and they are usually covered with plastic decorative caps. They are made of steel and painted with enamel. Among their advantages, in addition to the lowest price, is high maintainability. The fact is that stamped discs do not break when hit, but become wrinkled, and can be easily repaired later. The main disadvantage of such wheels is their high weight and lack of design: this is a purely functional product.

Alloy wheels compete with stamped ones in popularity. Such discs are made not of steel, but of a lighter alloy - usually aluminum. Thanks to manufacturing technology, cast wheels can have a wide variety of shapes, which, combined with a lighter weight than “stamps,” makes them popular. Among the disadvantages of such wheels, we can mention a higher price and lower maintainability: alloy wheels do not wrinkle when subjected to a strong impact, but crack. Of course, the technology of welding repair and rolling has long been mastered, but it is impossible to guarantee the preservation of the original properties after repair.

Forged wheels- the highest quality and most expensive option. They are manufactured using the hot die forging method, which provides the best internal metal structure and, accordingly, the highest strength at the lowest weight. The downside of this method is the low prevalence of products and the high price.

In addition to the above three types, there are also so-called prefabricated discs - but this is already exotic, and we will not touch on them. In general, for the average car owner the choice is between inexpensive, but boring stamped wheels and more expensive and beautiful alloy wheels.

4. Mounting (landing) diameter

This is a very obvious parameter: the diameter of the disc circumference in inches. As a rule, it is designated by the letter R: that is, the R 17 wheel has a diameter of 17 inches.

Let us especially note: the letter R itself does not refer to the diameter and comes from the tire parameters, where it is also mistakenly used to mean “radius”, in reality implying the tire diameter. In the case of a tire, R is a marking of the radial cord structure, but for a disk this marking is actually not relevant. However, the erroneous “radius” in the meaning of “diameter” and the accompanying R are so ingrained in speech that most sellers and disk selection services use it by default.

The permissible rim diameters for your vehicle are indicated in the owner's manuals and on stickers in doorways - along with the recommended tire pressure. When buying tires, it is worth remembering that their seat diameter must match the diameter of the rims.

It is not recommended to exceed the maximum diameter specified by the manufacturer: discs that are too large, in addition to potential geometric incompatibility, change the suspension operating parameters, affecting wear of the chassis. In addition, the larger the disc and the lower the rubber profile, the less comfort it promises to travel on bad roads. However, changes in diameter within the limits specified in the manual, and even an inch more, as a rule, occur without significant consequences.

5. Number and diameter of mounting holes (PCD)

This is the so-called “bolt pattern”: the number of holes and the diameter of the circle on which they are located (by the way, the English PCD is just the diameter of the circle, “Pitch Circle Diameter”). The number of mounting bolts can vary and increases with the weight and speed of the vehicle: usually there are 4-6, but it can be more or less (minimum 3). Most VAZ cars have a 4x98 bolt pattern, with the exception of Oka (3x98) and Niva (5x139.7), as well as new models like Largus (4x100).

The disc bolt pattern must be observed: despite the fact that some discs - for example, 4x98 and 4x100 - seem to be interchangeable, this is not the case. A seemingly insignificant 2 millimeter difference in the diameter of the circle on which the mounting holes lie will greatly affect the installation: only one of the four fastenings will be correctly tightened, and the rest will be offset from the center, causing the wheel to run out. The problem can be partly solved by using bolts with a “floating cone” (more on them below), but in general, the use of disks with inappropriate bolt pattern parameters should be avoided.

6. Disc width

This parameter is as simple as diameter: it is the width of the rim in inches. Usually in the list of parameters it is designated by the letter J: for example, 5.5J is a disk five and a half inches wide.

The width of the disk is usually indicated in the same places as the permissible mounting diameter, along with it. In addition to the geometric parameters for the car, the width of the rim is also important when choosing tires: the tire is designed for use with a rim of a certain width, but with a certain permissible error.

7. Disc offset

Disk offset is the distance from the mating plane of the disk to the hub to the longitudinal axis of symmetry of the disk. Let's put it simply: the central axis of symmetry is a line dividing the disk in half along the width described above, and the mating plane is the point where the disk comes into contact with the hub and is screwed to it.

The offset can be positive, zero and negative: if the axis of symmetry lies closer to the car than the mating plane, then the offset is positive, if they are on the same axis, then the offset is zero, and if the axis of symmetry is more distant from the car than the mating plane, then it is positive . In other words, the greater the offset, the deeper the disc sits in the wheel arch, and the smaller it is, the more the disc protrudes outward.

Reach is a fairly important parameter: it also directly affects the performance of the suspension and wheel bearings. Incorrect offset not only increases or decreases the track, but can also cause accelerated wear of the undercarriage and bearings.

8. Diameter of the central (hub) hole

The diameter of the central hole is a parameter that does not need additional explanation. In the list of disk characteristics, it is usually designated as "Dia", "DIA" or "D". This is also an extremely important indicator: if the central hole of the disk is smaller than required, the disk simply cannot be installed, and if it is larger, then centering rings will be required to center the disk on the hub.

Many people mistakenly believe that when installed, a disc with a center hole that is too large will center itself on the hub by tightening the bolts, but this is not the case. Accordingly, runout and vibration that do not disappear after balancing the wheels is a reason to check the coincidence of the diameters of the central hole of the disk and the hub and the presence, if necessary, of centering rings.

9. Shape of mounting holes

The shape of the mounting holes is important in terms of the type of bolts or nuts that will secure the drive. As a rule, bolts and nuts for stamped discs have only a slightly conical shape of the plane adjacent to the disc when tightened, and the bolts are also noticeably shorter in length.

The latter is due to the minimum thickness of the stamped disk. A cast disk is noticeably thicker than a stamped one, and in addition, its mounting hole has a more pronounced conical shape, which requires the use of different fasteners. In addition to the conical seat, the mounting hole of some disks can be designed for the use of fasteners with a hemispherical and flat working part.

And one more thing: there are bolts with a so-called “floating cone”: they allow you to partially compensate for a slight discrepancy between the PCD disk and the required parameters. The working conical part of such bolts is made in the form of a separate ring placed on the bolt and moves relative to the longitudinal axis of the bolt when tightened.

10. Presence of humps

Humps- These are protrusions on the outer surface of the rim that secure the tubeless tire to the rim. Remember the popping noise that is heard when a tire shop inflates a tire after installing it on a rim? This is the moment of “landing” of the tire: the bead ring of the tire sits between the hump and the edge of the rim. In fact, this indicator is listed last in our material, because at present it is practically not relevant: almost all modern wheels are designed to accommodate tubeless tires and have humps.

However, if, for example, you decide to purchase retro wheels of considerable age, keep in mind that they may well be designed to install exclusively tube tires without having humps. However, you can install tubeless tires on them, but the question of its tight fit, as well as safety when driving, will remain open: if there is insufficient pressure in the tire, the risk of “taking off your shoes” in a turn will be very high.

From the post-war years until the early nineties, owners of domestic cars did not have a headache at all about which wheel to use on their car. There was a Moskvich one with five “holes”, a Zaporozhye one with a huge central hole, with four, and a large (as much as 14-inch) Volgovsky one. There was also a huge 16-inch Niva disc with five holes, but, oddly enough, it was replaced by some amateurs with the Volgov one. Now the variety of wheel rims is such that sometimes you can’t do without a catalog or the all-knowing Internet.

But let’s consider everything in order: what characteristics can you “play with” a little when choosing and what requirements must be met without fail.

First about the center

Typically, a story about rims begins with diameter, width and appearance. Although, when choosing a disk, first of all you need to assess whether it can be screwed to the car.

The most important parameters are the following:

• number of holes for studs or bolts;
• the diameter of the circle on which these holes are located;
• diameter of the central hole in the disk (DIA);
• disc ejection.

Now let's look at these parameters in more detail. Let us immediately note that the first two must strictly coincide with those recommended by the manufacturer.

The central hole in diameter can be equal to the original one or be slightly larger. In such cases, sellers usually offer special rings that compensate for the difference in diameters.

The international designation ET is from the German word Einpresstiefe. The smaller the offset, the larger the car's track. The wheel protrudes from the wheel arch of the car. There are wheels with negative offset.

Reach is one of the most important indicators of a wheel that affects the stability and controllability of a car. With a reduced offset, on “widely” spaced wheels, the force on the steering wheel, as well as the load on the hub bearings, increases significantly. A wheel with an increased offset is shifted deeper into the wheel arch and can, when turning or large suspension strokes, touch vehicle elements, which will lead to damage. When selecting, it is not recommended to deviate from the standard offset value by more than 3–5 mm in one direction or another.

Diameter and width

Rim diameter is usually specified in inches. It must match the tire diameter.

The width of the rim is the distance between its edges. Usually it is also indicated in inches, although manufacturers give the tire width in millimeters. The current trend is to increase the width of wheel rims and, accordingly, tires.

People like to tune these two parameters (diameter and width). Most often, they strive by all means to increase the seat diameter and width of the disk. At the same time, the tire, in order to fit in the wheel arch, becomes low-profile, which warms the soul of many. But at the same time, we should not forget about GOST for the depth of potholes on our roads - there is such a document! A hole up to 5 cm deep and with a sharp edge has a right to exist. And no one will be punished if you damage your car in it. Now imagine what will happen to low-profile tires in such a pit, even a “GOST” one. For example, with standard rims on Hyundai cars with a diameter of 15 and 16 inches, owners manage to install... 18-inch ones on Solaris! For example, with a tire measuring 215/35 R18, this solution provides only 75 mm of clearance between the tire seating surface and the road. Such a tire will most likely suffer (the bead may be punctured) even in a “permitted” hole.

However, there is an alternative approach. The point is to try to install discs of the minimum size, just so that they do not cling to the brake mechanisms, and “catch up” with the diameter of a high-profile one. Among the advantages of this method, we should note the softness of the ride and the lower price of small-diameter tires. For example, the design of the Hyundai Solaris chassis (and the Kia Rio platform) allows the use of 14-inch wheels. And with a tire measuring 195/70 R14, you get quite normal wheels - a little higher (less than 3%) than the original ones, measuring 185/65 R15. But the softness of the ride becomes like that of a Renault Logan.

It should be noted that the same options for using discs of different diameters are also implemented on crossovers. For example, on the previous generation Nissan X-Trail you can install 16-inch wheels, which is clearly evidenced by the re-rolling of this diameter. And the car came off the assembly line with 17- and then 18-inch wheels. Although there are known cases of using wheels up to 20 inches. Here, too, the only question is what do you want to get: a car that gravitates towards an SUV or a tough “sports barn”. The main thing is to know moderation in everything, because the engine and gearbox are not changed.

What has VAZ changed?

Now let's talk about how VAZ betrayed its size. Even on the progenitor, the FIAT-124 car, the diameter of the circle on which the holes for the bolts were located was equal to 98 mm. And since then, this size has been strictly observed on all VAZ cars, except Niva and Oka.

By the way, Italians are also faithful to traditions. For example, on the FIAT Albea, which was officially sold in Russia, it was possible to attach a wheel from a VAZ.

At the same time, the landing diameter gradually increased over the years and changes in models from 13 to 14 inches. But the latest Grants, Kalinas and Priors still use the 4x98 size.

But with the arrival of the French B0 platform, cars with a “round” size of 4x100 rolled off the assembly line of the Volzhsky Automobile Plant. These are Largus and XRAY. Vesta can be added to the same list. This is how VAZ changed its historical size. Cheated with “French women”...

Interchangeability

From the story above it follows that on a long journey, if there is an urgent need, the owner of a Grant, Kalina or Priora may ask to borrow (sell) the spare tire from the owner. And, accordingly, vice versa. If the tire size does not match, the wheel can be attached at least to the rear axle, hobbling to the tire shop.

The next, perhaps the largest in the world, is the 4x100 club. Small and rather old cars from VW, Opel, as well as Daewoo and Chevrolet had this size. The same size is used on the popular Hyundai Solaris/Kia Rio. Well, let me remind you that all Logans of the first and second generations, and after them the latest VAZ developments, also have a size of 4x100. Disc offsets may vary slightly, but almost all fall within the 40-52mm range. For example, on a long journey along fairly rough roads in a Chevrolet Aveo, I once preferred to go on wheels from the third Golf, which had previously been on a SEAT Cordoba. 14 inches versus 15, with the same outer tire diameter. I didn’t bring the hernia!

In the world there is a very wide variety of designs for attaching the wheel rim to the hub. The number of holes on a passenger car can be from 3 to 6. Current trends are to increase the number of wheel mounting bolts or nuts to five, even on small passenger cars. For example, on the VW Polo, in addition to the fact that five bolts are used, the thread also has the following characteristics: M14x1.5. This, by the way, is the size of the bolt threads of much more massive Mercedes sedans and crossovers. On the other hand, four bolts with modest parameters M12x1.25 on a rather massive Citroen C4 car somehow force you to tense up when a tire repairman comes to the car with a powerful impact wrench. I wouldn't have torn off the thread - there have been cases...

On a long journey

In principle, if you have a spare tire, or at least when traveling close to your place of residence, you don’t have to worry about the interchangeability of wheel rims. But I can advise you to figure out before a long journey which wheels from which common cars might fit yours. Will it come in handy?

PCD

Wheel rim bolt pattern is a set of measured wheel parameters that you need to know during installation. You can measure the necessary indicators yourself or use special tables for this, different for each brand of car.

What sizes are important to determine before purchasing wheels? What does the complete wheel arrangement look like? What are the sizes of spare parts for domestic cars?

Disc size indicators

There are five main sizes, an error in determining which will result in the impossibility of installing the wheel.

These include:

• number of bolt holes (LZ);
• the distance between them;
• diameter of the circle on which they are located (PCD);
• diameter of the central (hub) window (DIA);
• departure (ET).

The number of windows for bolts on passenger cars varies from 3 to 6. For trucks, this figure reaches 12-15 pieces. Togliatti-made cars have 4 bolt entries. The exception is the Lada Niva, the wheels of which are secured with five bolts each. The number of holes is measured visually by simple counting.

How to measure yourself

The disc bolt pattern also includes the distance between the windows. You can measure it using a caliper or ruler. Measurements are taken from the center of one hole to the center of the other. There are two ways: the distance between adjacent and farthest holes.

Adjacent holes

The indicator under consideration is determined taking into account the dimensions of the circle on which the centers of the slots for the bolts are located. The diameter is determined using compatibility tables or measured using a ruler.

To do this, measure the distance between adjacent bolts, and then multiply the resulting figure by a coefficient depending on the number of holes. The transverse circumference of VAZ cars is 98 mm for passenger cars and 139.7 mm for the Niva SUV.

The simplest is to measure on disks with an even number of holes (for 4, 6, 8 bolts), the distance between opposite holes will be the PCD value.

For disks with 5 bolts, it is measured by the distance between any non-adjacent holes, and the resulting figure is multiplied by 1.051.

Hub window diameter

The indicator of the central hub window is indicated both in the tables and in the full bolt pattern formula, which will be discussed below. In the absence of the necessary information, this indicator can be easily measured using a ruler or caliper. The diameter of the VAZ-2110 hub is 58.6 mm.

Note: it is not always possible to measure the central hole, since on some cars it is of irregular shape. A striking example is the pre-restyling version of Daewoo Nexia.

The bolt pattern of the wheel rims is determined taking into account their offset. Overhang is the ratio of the vertical axis of symmetry of the disk to the point of contact with the hub. The offset can be negative, positive or zero.

It is possible to install a disk that is incorrectly selected for this factor. However, it disrupts the operation of the suspension and makes the car unsafe.

Full and abbreviated bolt pattern formula

As a rule, a complete formula is indicated on the wheels from the factory, displaying all the necessary parameters. In colloquial speech, car enthusiasts often use a short and recognizable designation, which does not give a complete picture of the product. Let's consider each of the formulas separately.

Abbreviated

The shortened formula for determining the measured indicators is called PCD (Pitch Circle Diameter). It includes two sizes and looks like this: 4ˣ98 (wheel bolt pattern for VAZ-2110). The number “4” here indicates the number of notches for bolts, the number “98” is the result of a transverse measurement of their circumference.

Common PCD values: 98, 100, 108, 112, 114.3, 120, 130, 139.7.

A common mistake is to install a 98 disc on a 100 hub, since the difference is not visually visible. The result will be misalignment and incomplete fit of the disk to the hub.

The abbreviated formula allows you to select the required spare part that can be installed on the car. However, an incorrect bolt pattern according to other parameters will not allow full operation of the vehicle.

Full

How to find out the bolt pattern using the full formula, which is indicated on the disc at the factory and has the following format: 7.5 Jˣ15 H2 5ˣ100 ET 40 D 54.1? Let's look at what each alphanumeric group in this encoding means.

1. 7.5 JX 15 – rim width 7.5 inches, diameter 15 inches. The letter “X” indicates that the disk is cast or forged, the letter “J” indicates that the product should be used only on single-wheel drive vehicles (marking for all-wheel drive vehicles is JJ).
2. H2 – the number of end protrusions (humps) designed to hold a tubeless tire. Options with one protrusion (“H1”) or without them (“AN”) are possible. Hump ​​(hillock, elevation) - ensures reliable fixation of the tire in corners, avoiding depressurization.
   

   Marking	Decoding
   H	Hump
   H2	Double Hump
   FH	Flat Hump
   FH2	Double Flat Hump
   CH	Combination Hump
   EH2	Extended Hump
   EH2+	Extended Hump 2+
   A.H.	Asymmetric Hump

3. PCD 5ˣ100 is the bolt pattern formula discussed in the previous subparagraph of this article.
4. ET 40 (short for German Einpress Tief) is the departure indicator. In the example shown, a positive overhang of 40 mm is indicated. If the offset is negative, a “-” sign is placed in front of the number; if it is zero, a “0” sign is placed in front of the number. The amount of overhang determines where the mating plane will be located. Deviation from the values ​​recommended by the manufacturer leads to a change in the direction and magnitude of the forces that act on the suspension.
5. D 54.1 – hub hole diameter in mm (DIA).

Note: rim width and diameter are measured in inches. 1 inch is equal to 2.54 cm. The remaining dimensions of the bolt pattern are usually measured in millimeters.

Bolt pattern tables 4×98, 4×100, 4×108, 5×100, 5×108, 5×112

car brand	Model
VAZ	2110-12
	Classic
	Granta
	Kalina
	Priora
	2108-99
Alfa Romeo	145
	146
	33 Sport Wagon
	MiTo
Citroen	Nemo
Fiat	500
	Albea
	Barchetta
	Brava
	Bravo
	Bravo HGT
	Cinquecento
	Coupe
	Coupe 16V turbo
	Coupe BV6
	Doblo
	Doblo 4X4
	Fiorino
	Idea
	Linea
	Marea
	Multipla
	Multipla 2
	Palio
	Panda
	Panda 4x4
	Punto
	Qubo
	Seicento
	Seicento Sporting
	Stilo
Ford	Ka
Lancia	Delta
	Lybra
	Musa
	Y
	Ypsilon
Peugeot	Bipper

car brand	Model
Acura	EL
	Integra
BMW	Z1
Chery	Amulet
	Kimo
	Kimo(A)
	QQ6
	QQ6(S21)
Chevrolet	Astra
	Aveo
	Cobalt
	COBALT SS
	Lanos
	Spark
Citroen	C1
	C15
Daewoo	ESPERO
	Kalos
	Lanos
	Nexia
	Nubira
Daihatsu	Applause
	Atrai
	Atrai 7
	Boon
	Charade
	Cuore
	Coo
	Copen
	Esse
	Gran Move
	GRANDE MOVE
	Leeza
	MAX
	Materia
	Mira
	Move
	Naked
	Opti
	Pyzar
	Sonica
	Storia
	Sirion
	Trevis
	Tanto
	YRV
Dacia	LOGAN
	SANDERO
Isuzu	Gemini
	Pa Nero
	Piazza
FAW	Vita
Fiat	Grande Punto
	Punto
Geely	MK
	Otaka
	Vision
Great Wall	GWPeri
	Peri
Hyundai	Accent
	Amica
	Atos
	Atos Prime
	Getz
	i10
	i20
	Solaris
	VERNA
	Verna Hatchback
	Verna Sedan
Honda	Accord
	Airwave
	Beat
	Capa
	City
	Civic
	CIVIC VTI
	concerto
	CR-X
	Domani
	Fit
	FIT SPORT
	Freed
	Insight
	Integra
	Jazz
	JAZZ 4X4
	Life
	Logo
	Mobilio
	Orthia
	That's
	Today
	Vamos
	Zest
Kia	Picanto
	Rio
	Rio II
	Shuma
	Shuma II
	Spectra
Lifan	Smily
	Solano
Lotus	ELISE
	EUROPA S
	Evora
	EXIGE
Mazda	AZ-1
	AZ-3
	AZ-Wagon
	Carol
	Demio
	Familia
	Lantis
	Laputa
	Revue
	Roadster
	Scrum Wagon
	Spiano
	Verisa
	2
	323
	MX-5
	MX-5 Miata
	MX-5 ROADSTER
MG	TF
	ZR
	ZS
Mini	Mini
	Clubman
	Clubman S
	Cooper
	Cooper Cabrio
	Cooper Cabrio S
	COOPER CABRIOLET
	COOPER CABRIOLET S
	Cooper S
	Cooper S Cabrio
	One
Mitsubishi	Carisma
	Colt
	eK
	I
	Lancer
	Libero
	Minica
	Mirage
	Toppo
	Toppo B.J.
	Townbox
Nissan	Be-1
	Bluebird
	Cube
	Figaro
	Luchino
	March
	Micra
	Micra C+C
	Moco
	Note
	NX
	OTTI
	Pino
	Presea
	Pulsar
	Rasheen
	Sunny
	Tiida
	Wingroad
Opel	Agila
	Agila II
	Astra
	ASTRA G
	Astra H
	COMBO
	COMBO TOUR
	Corsa
	Corsa B
	Corsa C
	CORSA COMBO
	Corsa D
	Calibra
	Meriva
	Tigra
	Tiger A
	Tiger B
	TIGRA TWINTOP
	Vectra
	Vectra A
	Vectra B
	Vita
Peugeot	107
Renault	CLIO
	CLIO 3
	Clio II
	Clio II Sport
	Clio III
	Clio IV R
	Kangoo
	KANGOO 4WD
	Kangoo Compact
	LAGUNA
	LAGUNA (B56)
	Logan
	Megan II
	MEGANE
	MEGANE 2
	MEGANE 2 CC
	MEGANE GRAND SCENIC
	Megane Scenic
	MODUS
	Sandero
	Sandero Stepway
	Scenic
	Scenic II
	Symbol
	TWINGO
Rover	25
	25 STREETWISE
	400
	45
	Street Wise
Saab	9-2 X Aero
Saturn	Ion
	S.C.
Scion	xA
	xB
Seat	AROSA
	AROSA (100)
	Cordoba
	CORDOBA (110)
	CORDOBA VT
Skoda	Felicia
Subaru	Dex
	Justy
	JUSTY II
	Justy III
	Justy IV
	Pleo
	R1
	R2
	Rex
	Sambar
	Stella
	Vivio
Suzuki	Aerio
	Alto
	BALENO
	Cara
	Cervo
	Cultus
	Every Wagon
	Kei
	Ignis
	Liana
	Liana ll
	MR Wagon
	Palette
	Solio
	Splash
	Swift
	Swift ll
	Twin
	Wagon R
	WAGON R+
Toyota	Allex
	Augo
	Aygo
	bB
	Belta
	Carina
	Corolla
	Corolla II
	Corona
	Corsa
	Corolla Verso
	Cynos
	Duet
	Funcargo
	iQ
	Ist
	MR-S
	MR2
	Passo
	Platz
	Porte
	Prius
	Pro Box
	Ractis
	Raum
	Serra
	Sienta
	Sparky
	Sprinter
	Starlet
	Succeed
	Wagon
	Tercel
	Vitz
	Will
	Yaris
	YARIS 1.5TS
	YARIS 2
	YARIS D4D
	Yaris Verso
Volkswagen	Corrado
	Golf
	Jetta
	Lupo
	LUPO GTI
	Pointer
	Polo III
	Passat
	Polo
	Santana
	Vento
ZAZ	Chance
VAZ	Largus
TagAZ	Accent
	Doninvest Assol (L100)
	Vortex Corda

car brand	Model
Audi	80
	Cabriolet
Citroen	Berlingo
	C2
	C3
	C3 Picasso
	C3 Pluriel
	C3 X-TR
	C4
	C4 COUPE
	C4 Picasso
	C5
	DS3
	DS4
	Grand C4
	Saxo
	SAXO VTS
	Xantia
	Xsara
	XSARA COUPE
	XSARA COUPE VTR
	XSARA COUPE VTS
	Xsara Picasso
Ford	Cougar
	COUGAR ST200
	Escort
	Fiesta
	FIESTA ST
	Focus
	FOCUS RS
	FOCUS ST170
	Fusion
	Ka
	Mondeo
	Puma
	SPORT KA
	STREET KA
Peugeot	1007
	106
	205
	205GTI
	206
	206 CC
	206 S.W.
	207
	3008
	306
	306 CABRIOLET
	306 S16
	307
	307 CC
	307 S.W.
	308
	308 CC
	308 S.W.
	309
	405
	406
	406 COUPE
	408
	Partner
	Partner Origin VU
	Partner Tepee
	Partner VU
Volvo	850
Lifan	Breez
Mazda	2
Saleen	S121
TagAZ	Doninvest Orion (J100)

car brand	Model
Audi	A1
	A2
	A3
	S3
	TT
Chevrolet	Cavalier
	CAVALLIER LS
	CAVLIER COUPE
	CAVLLIER COUPE Z24
	Sonic
Chrysler	NEON
	Neon II
	PT Cruiser
	PT Cruiser Cabrio
	Sebring
	SEBRING CABRIOLET
	SEBRING COUPE
	SEBRING Sedan
	VOYAGER
Dodge	Caravan
	Neon
	Stratus
Honda	Civic
Lexus	CT200h
MG	ZT
	ZT-T
Nissan	Sunny
	Plymouth
	Neon
	Pontiac
	Sunfire
	SUNFIRE GT
	Vibe
Rover	75
Saab	9-2x
Scion	tC
	xD
Seat	Cordoba
	CORDOBA (110)
	CORDOBA VT
	Ibiza
	IBIZA (130)
	IBIZA SC
Skoda	Fabia
	FABIA (130)
	Fabia II
	OCTAVIA
	OCTAVIA 4WD
	OCTAVIA SRC 4WD
	Octavia Tour
	PRACTIC
	Roomster
Subaru	Baja
	Alcyone
	Exiga
	Forester
	FORESTER
	FORESTER (USA)
	Forester I
	Forester II
	Forester III
	FORESTER STI
	Impreza
	Impreza Anesis
	Impreza II
	Impreza III
	IMPREZA WRX
	IMPREZA WRX STI
	LEGACY
	Legacy Lancaster
	Legacy II
	Legacy III
	Legacy IV
	LEGACY SPECB
	OUTBACK
	Outback I
	Outback II
	Qutback III
	Traviq
	XV
Toyota	Allion
	Avensis
	Avensis II
	Caldina
	Camry
	Carina
	Cavalier
	Celica
	CELICA T23
	Corona
	Curren
	Ist
	Opa
	Premium
	Prius
	Matrix
	Vista
	Voltz
	Will
	Wish
Volkswagen	Beetle (A4)
	Bora
	BORA(130)
	Cross Polo
	Corrado
	Golf
	Fox
	GOLF 4
	GOLF 4 (170)
	GOLF 4 R32
	Lupo
	LUPO GTI
	New Beetle
	POLO
	POLO GTI
	Polo IV
	Polo Sedan
	Polo V
	Polo V Sedan
	Vento
GAS	Siber

car brand	Model
Alfa Romeo	166
Aston Martin	V12 Vanquish
	Vanquish S
Chery	M11
Citroen	C5
	C6
	Jumpy
	XM
Ferrari	348 GT
	348 Spider
	355 F1 Berlinetta
	355 F1 GTS
	355 F1 Spider
	360 MODENA
	360 Spider
	456 GT
	456 GTA
	458 ITALIA
	512 TR
	550 Barchetta Pininfarina
	550 MARANELLO
	575 M Maranello
	599 GTB Fiorano
	Challenge Stradale
	F355 Berlinetta
	F355 GTS
	F355 Spider
	F430 Challenge
	F430 Spider
	F50
	F512 M
	Superamerica
Ford	C-Max
	Focus
	FOCUS 2
	FOCUS 2ST
	Focus C-Max
	FOCUS CC
	FOCUS RS
	Galaxy
	Kuga
	Mondeo
	MONDEO ST220
	S-Max
	Taurus
	Taurus SE/SEL
	Thunderbird
	Tourneo Connect
	Transit Connect
Jaguar	S Type CCX
	S Type Estate
	S-TYPES-TYPE V8 R
	X-TYPE
	XF
	XJ
	XJ6
	XJ8 SE
	XK
	XKR
Renault	AVANTIME
	CLIO
	Clio IV Sport 197
	Clio V6 Evo Sport
	ESPACE
	Espace III Grand Espace
	Espace IV
	Kangoo
	KANGOO II
	LAGUNA
	Laguna 5 Stud
	LAGUNA II
	Laguna II G
	Megan II
	MEGANE 2 CC
	Megane II CC Coupe/Cabrio
	Megane II Turbo
	Scenic
	Scenic II
	VEL SATIS
Lancia	Thesis
Land Rover	Evoque
	Freelander 2
Lincoln	L.S.
	LS6
	LS8
	MKS
Mercury	Sable
MG	XPower SV
Maserati	3200 GT
	Coupe
	Gran Turismo
	Gran Turismo S
Peugeot	407
	407 Coupe
	407 S.W.
	508
	605
	607
	RCZ Sport
Volvo	240
	740
	760
	780
	850
	940
	960
	C30
	C70
	C70 Convertible
	C70 Coupe
	C70 Coupe Cabrio II
	S40
	S40 II
	S60
	S70
	S80
	S80 II
	S90
	S90 (204)
	V50
	V70
	V70 (193)
	V70 (250)
	V70 (300)
	V70 I
	V70 II
	V70 III
	V70 XC
	V90
	XC60
	XC70
	XC70 II
	XC70 III
	XC90
GAS	3102
	31105

car brand	Model
Audi	100
	A3
	A4
	A4 ALLROAD
	A4 Allroad quattro
	A4 CABRIOLET
	A5
	A6
	A6 Allroad quattro
	A7
	A8
	Allroad
	RS4
	RS5
	RS6
	Q3
	Q5
	R8
	R8 V10
	S3
	S4
	S5
	S6
	S7
	S8
	TT
	TT S
	TT RS
	V8
Bentley	Azure
	Continental
	CONTINENTAL GT
	MULSANNE
BMW	M3
Chrysler	CROSSFIRE
Ford	Galaxy
Lamborghini	GALLARDO
	Gallardo LP550-2
	Gallardo LP560-4
	Gallardo LP570-4
Mercedes-Benz	A-Class (W168)
	A-Class (W169)
	B-Class (W245)
	B-Class (W246)
	C-Class (CL203)
	C-Class (W202)
	C-Class (W203)
	C-Class (W204)
	CL-Class (C140)
	CL-Class (C215)
	CL-Class (C216)
	CLC-Class
	CLK-Class (W208)
	CLK-Class (W209)
	CLS-Class (C219)
	E-Class (W210)
	E-Class (W211)
	E-Class (W212)
	GL-Class (X164)
	GLK-Class (X204)
	M-Class (W163)
	M-Class (W164)
	M-Class (W166)
	R-Class (W251)
	S-Class (W140)
	S-Class (W220)
	S-Class (W221)
	SL-Class (R230)
	SLK-Class (R170)
	SLK-Class (R171)
	SLR-Class
	Vaneo
	Viano
	Vito
	W 203 (CLC)
	W 204(GLK)
	W 212(E)
	W129 (SL)
	W129 (SL) MILLE MIGL
	W140(S)
	W140 (SEC) COUPE
	W163 (ML)
	W163(ML)ML55AMG
	W164 (ML) 63AMG
	W164(ML)
	W168(A)
	W169(A)
	W170 (SLK)
	W202(C)
	W203(C)
	W203(C)AMG
	W203 (C) KOMPRESSOR
	W203 (C) SPORT COUPE
	W204(C)
	W208 (CLK)
	W210(E)
	W211(E)
	W211 (E) KOMPRESSOR
	W215 (CL) COUPE
	W215 (CL) COUPE 55 A
	W219 (CLS)
	W220(S)
	W221(S)
	W230 (SL)
W231 (SL)
W245(B)
W251(R)
W251(R)63AMG
W414 (VANEO)
W638(V)
W638 (VITO)
WX164 (GL)
X 204(GLK)
300SE
400SEL
500SE
500SEL
500SL
600SE
600SEL
600SL
A160
A170
A190
A200
B170
B200
C180
C200
C220
C230
C240
C250
C280
C300
C320
CL500
CL550
CL600
CLK200
CLK240
CLK320
CLK350
CLS350
CLS500
CLS550
E220
E230
E240
E280
E300
E320
E350
E400
E430
E500
E550
ML270
ML320
ML350
ML430
ML500
ML550
R350
R500
R550
S280
S320
S350
S400L
S430
S500
S500L
S550
S600
S600L
SL320
SL350
SL500
SL550
SL600
SLK200
SLK230
SLK280
SLK320
SLK350
V230
V350
Maybach	57
	57 S
	62
	62 S
	Landaulet
Seat	ALHAMBRA
	ALHAMBRA (130)
	Alhambra Facelift
	Altea
	Altea Freetrack
	Altea XL
	EXEO
	EXEO ST
	LEON
	Leon ll
	Toledo
	TOLEDO (130)
Skoda	OCTAVIA
	OCTAVIA 4WD
	Octavia II
	Octavia lll
	Octavia Scout
	OCTAVIA SRC 4WD
	Octavia Tour
	Superb
	Superb ll
	Yeti
Ssang Yong	Actyon
	Chairman
	New Actyon
Volkswagen	Beetle (A5)
	Caddy
	CrossTouran
	Cross Golf
	Eos
	GOLF 5
	GOLF 5 GTi
	GOLF 5 PLUS
	GOLF 6
	GOLF 6 GTi
	Jetta
	JETTA 2
	JETTA 5
	JETTA 6
	Passat
	Passat CC
	PASSAT W8
	Phaeton
	PHAETON W12
	Scirocco
	Sharan
	SHARAN SYNCRO
	T4
	Tiguan
	Touran
	Transporter
	Vanagon

Is it possible to install wheels with an unsuitable bolt pattern?

Some motorists, in an attempt to save on the purchase of spare parts with the necessary parameters, purchase products that do not correspond to the car brand. Such wheels are subjected to self-processing, the hub hole is widened, the location of the bolts is changed, and then they are installed on the car.

Theoretically, such a modification is possible, but the work must be carried out with maximum precision. It is impossible to measure a disc so correctly in a garage. And inaccurately drilled cutouts lead to wheel runout, destruction of the hub and suspension elements, and disruption of vehicle stability on the road.

Competent modification of the car in conditions close to factory ones is not economically feasible. The work will cost more than purchasing a wheel that initially matches all sizes.

One of the main parameters of a car wheel disc is the bolt pattern. Leading car companies independently determine the bolt pattern parameters for the original wheels of universal models. For non-standard wheels, the marking parameters may differ by literally 2-3 millimeters from the standard: the difference is invisible to the naked eye, but it directly affects driving safety.

When choosing rims, always adhere to the rule - the dimensions of the new part on all fronts must fully correspond to the parameters of your standard rim, which was installed by the manufacturer.

Today we will present you with wheel rim bolt pattern compatibility tables, which will greatly simplify the task of selecting the right part.

Marking features

To replace standard wheels in a car with new ones, you need to take into account a number of nuances to make the right choice. When purchasing, always look at the part labeling.

B - disk width; D - disk diameter; ET - disc offset; C - diameter of the mating plane; DIA - diameter of the central hole; PCD - diameter of the circle of the centers of the mounting holes

The following information can be printed on the disk: 8.5Jx18 H2 5×120 ET20 d74.1. Let's take a closer look at what these numbers can mean:

• 8.5 is the width of the rim, which is determined in inches. Basically, this parameter is denoted by the letter W;
• 18 – wheel diameter, designated by the letter D and measured in inches;
• 5x120 – information on the number of landing bolts and the diameter of the holes in which they are installed. Basically, diameter is measured in millimeters. In our case, the disk uses five landing bolts, the diameter of each bolt is 120 mm;
• ET20 – disc ejection parameter. Disk offset is the distance between the plane that presses the wheel disk to the hub and the axis of symmetry of the disk. This parameter is measured strictly in millimeters; in our case, the disc offset is 20 millimeters;
• d74.1 – designation of the diameter of the central hole, measured in millimeters. There are cases when manufacturers of light alloy wheels increase this parameter. In order to center the disk, it is necessary to use special disks. They provide reliable fixation of the disc, due to which there is no vibration when the vehicle moves.

This marking also contains a number of additional parameters, but they are mainly of interest only to professionals and do not carry any meaning for the average motorist. This is about:

• J – information about the type of flange design at the wheel rim. May also be designated by the letters JJ, K, JK, B, P and D, depending on the characteristics of the parameter;
• H2 – information about the design of the ring lugs on the rim. This parameter can also be abbreviated H, H2, FH, FH2, CH, EH2, EH2+.

Let's take a closer look at these parameters. The only thing that does not require decoding is the width and diameter of the disk; these parameters are understandable even to novice motorists.

The diameter of the circle on which the mounting bolts are located is designated by the abbreviation PCD. If necessary, this parameter can be calculated independently, without even removing the wheels from the car. To measure, you will need a regular ruler - it is used to measure the distance between the centers of the two nearest fastening bolts.

A certain distance is useful for calculating PCD. To calculate the parameter, select one of the proposed formulas depending on the number of fasteners:

• 3 holes: PCD=X*1.154;
• 4 holes: PCD=X*1.414;
• 5 holes: PCD=X*1.701;
• 6 holes: PCD=X*2;
• 10 holes: PCD=X*3.326.

Motorists, mostly beginners, make the mistake of ignoring the importance of high accuracy of the PCD parameter. The hole diameter for the mounting bolt is often tolerant. This often becomes the reason that the disk does not correspond to the standard parameters by just a couple of millimeters.

The discrepancy is not noticeable to the naked eye, but it is strictly prohibited to allow it. The difference in distance will result in only one of all the mounting nuts on the disk being tightened completely and correctly, while the nuts in the other holes will be skewed. There is only one outcome for such a mount - the wheel will not fit tightly on the hub, as a result, a knock will be heard while the car is moving, and the nuts will begin to loosen over time.

Overhang amount

Every vehicle owner strives to make the car original and unique with the help of tuning. A lot of effort and time is spent on selecting disks. Some motorists do not look at the standard markings, ignore the requirements and install low-profile wheels, forgetting that any deviations are unacceptable. Inconsistency of wheel rims leads to the fact that the car becomes unsafe and directly threatens the lives of all participants in the road process.

After deciding on tuning, you should not immediately run to the store and buy the wheels you like for your car, but you should consider several important selection parameters. You should not count on the help of consultants in the store; many of them are simply incompetent in matters of choice and try to simply sell the part, especially if they notice that you are interested in it.

To avoid waste of money, you must choose a disk strictly according to its parameters. There are a huge number of myths, and many prejudices have absolutely no relation to the real situation.

Motorists are sure that the offset of a wheel rim is the value that denotes the protruding part of the rim above the body of the vehicle. In fact, the parameter carries a slightly different meaning. Any disk in a car has a mating plane that comes into contact with the wheel hub when installing the disk. As a result, the offset is the distance from the mating plane of the disk to the vertical axis of symmetry of the disk.

Do not ignore the departure parameter. He is directly responsible for driving safety in the vehicle. If you choose wheels with the wrong offset, you increase the risk of accidents and premature wear of the main components. Thus, an incorrectly selected parameter can result in premature wear of the suspension.

Basically, motorists, when choosing wheels for their car, can make three common mistakes:

• They blindly believe the stories of consultants, hoping to receive highly qualified assistance in choosing;
• They ignore information about the markings that are applied to the standard disc from the car manufacturer;
• They make a choice only according to the parameters of appearance, color, geometric features, and other aesthetic factors.

In order to purchase a suitable part, it is necessary to correctly calculate the offset parameter:

In the formula, the symbol “a” denotes the distance between the inner plane and the part of the disk that is in direct contact with the hub, and the symbol “b” denotes the width of the disk profile. This information is presented more clearly in the figure:

All data for calculating the offset parameter can be measured manually with a millimeter ruler

The result is obtained in millimeters. The offset can be positive, negative, or equal to zero.

If the offset is positive - the axis is slightly shifted from the place of fastening, the zero parameter - the axis and the plane are completely consistent and fit tightly, the negative parameter - the plane is outside the axis.

Most often on cars there is a positive offset value

Video: wheel spacers

Bolt pattern

Often, when choosing wheels, car enthusiasts are faced with such a parameter as bolt pattern, the value of which has to be calculated independently. The number of fastening bolts can be easily calculated without additional tools, but problems may arise with calculating the diameter of the fastening circle.

This parameter is abbreviated PCD. There are several ways to determine this parameter, but we will focus on the simplest method.

How to find out the bolt pattern of a wheel rim using a ruler

To calculate the parameter, we calculate A from the formula. We take a caliper or a regular ruler, remove the mounting bolts and measure the distance between two adjacent holes on the wall. We measure the diameter of the fastening bolt, add the result to the previously measured distance, and as a result we get parameter A.

It is most convenient to use a caliper to measure the distance, but a school ruler is also quite suitable

We calculate parameter B using the formula shown in the picture. The choice of formula directly depends on how many mounting holes there are in your wheel rim.

It is important that the bolt pattern of the wheel rim matches the parameters of the standard rim to the nearest millimeter. This indicator should not be neglected, since it determines how accurately the wheel will be installed on the axle.

Visually noticing any deviations is quite problematic, but when driving on an incorrectly selected disc, you will encounter “beating”. This is not only unsafe for all road users, but can also lead to premature wear of the suspension and steering wheel.

Compatibility tables for different cars

To make it easier to select wheels, below we will post compatibility tables for some car brands. These tables contain only general information, and before purchasing you should definitely pay attention to the labeling and other parameters.